{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T13:10:23Z","timestamp":1763644223939,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,24]],"date-time":"2024-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Parenter Enteral Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>During critical illness skeletal muscle wasting occurs rapidly. Although beta\u2010hydroxy\u2010beta\u2010methylbutyrate (HMB) is a potential treatment to attenuate this process, the plasma appearance and muscle concentration is uncertain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was an exploratory study nested within a blinded, parallel group, randomized clinical trial in which critically ill patients after trauma received enteral HMB (3\u2009g daily) or placebo. Plasma samples were collected at 0, 60, and 180\u2009min after study supplement administration on day 1. Needle biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscle were collected (baseline and day 7 of the HMB treatment intervention period). An external standard curve was used to calculate HMB concentrations in plasma and muscle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were available for 16 participants (male <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912 (75%), median [interquartile range] age 50 [29\u201358] years) who received placebo and 18 participants (male <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200914 (78%), age 49 [34\u201355] years) who received HMB. Plasma HMB concentrations were similar at baseline but increased after HMB (<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200960\u2009min: placebo 0.60 [0.44\u20131.31] \u2009\u00b5M; intervention 51.65 [22.76\u201364.72] \u2009\u00b5M). Paired muscle biopsies were collected from 11 participants (placebo <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097, HMB <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094). Muscle HMB concentrations were similar at baseline between groups (2.35 [2.17\u20132.95]; 2.07 [1.78\u20132.31]\u2009\u00b5M). For participants in the intervention group who had the repeat biopsy within 4\u2009h of HMB administration, concentrations were greater (7.2 and 12.3\u2009\u00b5M) than those who had the repeat biopsy &gt;4\u2009h after HMB (2.7 and 2.1\u2009\u00b5M).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this exploratory study, enteral HMB administration increased plasma HMB availability. The small sample size limits interpretation of the muscle HMB findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,24]],"date-time":"2024-03-24T09:59:57Z","timestamp":1711274397000},"page":"421-428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Plasma beta\u2010hydroxy\u2010beta\u2010methylbutyrate availability after enteral administration during critical illness after trauma: An exploratory study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9846-7191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kym","family":"Wittholz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allied Health (Clinical Nutrition) Royal Melbourne Hospital Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Department of Critical Care, Melbourne Medical School University of Melbourne Melbourne 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