{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T15:34:59Z","timestamp":1778945699059,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Parenter Enteral Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parenteral nutrition (PN) without enteral nutrition (EN) leads to marked atrophy of gut\u2010associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), causing mucosal defense failure in both the gut and the extraintestinal mucosal system. We evaluated the effects of beta\u2010hydroxy\u2010beta\u2010methylbutyrate (HMB) on GALT and gut morphology in PN\u2010fed mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Experiment 1: male Institute of Cancer Research mice were assigned to the Chow (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912), Control (standard PN: <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910), or H600 and H2000 (PN containing 600\u2009mg\/kg or H2000\u2009mg\/kg body weight of Ca\u2010HMB: <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912 and 10, respectively) groups. After 5 days of dietary manipulation, all mice were killed and the whole small intestine was harvested. GALT lymphocyte cell numbers and phenotypes of Peyer patch (PP), intraepithelial space, and lamina propria lymphocytes were evaluated. Experiment 2: 47 mice (Chow: <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912; Control: <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200914; H600: <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200911; and H2000: <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910) were fed for 5 days as in experiment 1. Proliferation and apoptosis of gut immune cells and mucosa, and protein expressions (mammalian target of rapamycin [mTOR], caspase\u20103, and Bcl2) were evaluated in the small intestine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with the Controls, the Chow and HMB groups showed significantly higher PP cell numbers, prevented gut mucosal atrophy, inhibited apoptosis of gut cells, and increased their proliferation in association with increased mTOR activity and Bcl2 expression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>HMB\u2010supplemented PN is a potentially novel method of preserving GALT mass and gut morphology in the absence of EN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T10:59:07Z","timestamp":1726829947000},"page":"927-939","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of parenteral nutrition supplemented with beta\u2010hydroxy\u2010beta\u2010methylbutyrate on gut\u2010associated lymphoid tissue and morphology in mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9160-1316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haruka","family":"Takayama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Operating Room Management and Surgical Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4367-019X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Fukatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Operating Room Management and Surgical Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Surgical Center The University of Tokyo Hospital Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Midori","family":"Noguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Center The University of Tokyo Hospital Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5526-0841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuya","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayako","family":"Watkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Operating Room Management and Surgical Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nana","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Operating Room Management and Surgical Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomonori","family":"Narita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Murakoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Operating Room Management and Surgical Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Surgical Center The University of Tokyo Hospital Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0000000000000033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000196207.86570.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3738"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00500.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/hukin-2019-0070"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.277.65.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-2863(97)00048-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-5-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2008.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00840.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","unstructured":"StevenL Nissen.Naji Abumrad M; Iowa State University Research Foundation asignee. Composition comprising \u03b2\u2010hydroxy\u2010\u03b2\u2010methylbutyric acid and at least one amino acid and methods of use. US patent 6 031 000. February 29 2000."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12952"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy373"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607110387610"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607110395512"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutos.2022.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ags3.12237"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1130276"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.02.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2018.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-04-346601"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2009.09.004"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","first-page":"66","article-title":"Dose\u2010response relationship between protein intake and muscle mass increase: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"79","author":"Tagawa R","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2023.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31827a0e05"}],"container-title":["Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jpen.2686","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T11:32:04Z","timestamp":1760873524000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jpen.2686"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jpen.2686"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jpen.2686","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-6071","1941-2444"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-6071","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-2444","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}