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This review aims to collect existing data to better guide research in the critical care setting. This narrative review was conducted by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Feeding, Rehabilitation, Endocrinology, and Metabolism MN group. The primary objective was to identify studies focusing on individual MNs in critically ill patients, selecting the MNs that appear to be most relevant and most frequently investigated in the last decade: A, B<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, B<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, B<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, B<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>, folate, C, D, E, copper, iron, selenium, zinc, and carnitine. Given the limited number of interventional studies for most MNs, observational studies were included. For each selected MN, the review summarizes the main form and functions, special needs and risk factors, optimal treatment strategies, pharmacological dosing, and clinical implications all specific to critically ill patients. A rigorous rebalancing of research strategies and priorities is needed to improve clinical practice. An important finding is that high\u2010dose monotherapy of MNs is not recommended. Basal daily needs must be provided, with higher doses in diseases with known higher needs, and identified deficiencies treated. Finally, the review provides a list of ongoing trials on MNs in critically ill patients and identifies a priority list of future research topics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T08:40:42Z","timestamp":1731919242000},"page":"33-58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["What do we know about micronutrients in critically ill patients? 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