{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T13:51:45Z","timestamp":1787061105580,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Parenter Enteral Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    With advancements in neonatal care, the viability of extremely low\u2010birth\u2010weight (ELBW) infants, especially those born extremely preterm, is increasing. However, specific recommendations for managing parenteral nutrition (PN) support in nanopreterm infants (&lt;750\u2009g or &lt;25 weeks' gestation) are lacking. We aim to evaluate current recommendations and highlight considerations for applying them to nanopreterm infants. The author team used English\u2010language articles related to nutrition in ELBW with emphasis on nanopreterm infants, along with studies on fetal growth and metabolism. Current PN support recommendations for ELBW infants may not suit nanopreterm infants due to physiological and developmental differences. Key considerations for nanopreterm infants include:\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          <jats:italic>Carbohydrate<\/jats:italic>\n                          : They require immediate dextrose provision with low glucose infusion rates because of limited glycogen stores, immature gluconeogenesis, and impaired glucose intolerance.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          <jats:italic>Lipids<\/jats:italic>\n                          : Although essential for energy storage and cell membrane integrity, the ability to metabolize them may be limited, requiring careful consideration of lipid injectable emulsion provision and dosing.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          <jats:italic>Protein<\/jats:italic>\n                          : Protein is crucial for growth and development. However, achieving euglycemia is essential for proper amino acid utilization, requiring a delicate balance of dextrose and protein provision.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          <jats:italic>Energy<\/jats:italic>\n                          : Because of lower muscle and tissue mass and immature metabolic capabilities, existing recommendations may overestimate their energy needs.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          <jats:italic>Micronutrients<\/jats:italic>\n                          : Exact micronutrient requirements are unknown during this specific period of fetal development.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This review highlights the limitations of available PN support recommendations for nanopreterm infants. Further research is needed to establish precise guidelines that optimally meet their nutrition needs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T04:37:36Z","timestamp":1744778256000},"page":"560-571","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evidence and unknowns for the relevancy of applying current parenteral nutrition support recommendations among infants born less than 750\u2009g or younger than 25 weeks' gestation: A narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Mar","family":"Romero\u2010Lopez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Perinatal\u2010Neonatal Medicine University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, McGovern Medical School Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Institute for Clinical Research and Learning Health Care University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, McGovern Medical School Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3063-4253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mamta","family":"Naik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Services Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital \u2013 Texas Medical Center Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1621-6167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Hartman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Education &amp; Research Services University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Anderson\u2010Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8554-0708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa","family":"Thoene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1976.tb04917.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.28.2.169"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","volume-title":"Fetal and Neonatal Physiology","author":"Kim CR","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-35214-7.00028-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-7560(200005\/06)16:3<202::AID-DMRR116>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)36489-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"321","article-title":"Placental\u2010fetal glucose exchange and fetal glucose metabolism","volume":"117","author":"Hay WW Jr","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","unstructured":"discussion339\u2010340."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a069882"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5798.466"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.107851"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","volume-title":"World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics","author":"Koletzko B","year":"2021"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"299","article-title":"Maternal and fetal carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolisms","volume":"11","author":"\u015eeng\u00fcl \u00d6","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Gen Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-01154"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003642"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","volume-title":"Fetal and Neonatal Physiology","author":"Brown LD","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112240"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(98)70389-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117142"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211593"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)91476-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/79.2.251"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2014.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211114"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2005.05.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2005.10.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0211"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2204886"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-015-0411-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1875-9572(10)60039-3"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","article-title":"Higher versus lower amino acid intake in parenteral nutrition for newborn infants","volume":"3","author":"Osborn DA","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1934"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2012-302868"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030760"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2014-306816"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1368"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","volume-title":"Nutritional Care for High\u2010Risk Newborns","author":"Groh\u2010Wargo S","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2021.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17226\/9810"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.06.951"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","unstructured":"American Dietetic Association. Nutrition Care Manual. Accessed July 22 2024.www.nutritioncaremanual.org"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5863\/1551-6776-26.8.771"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.10474"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab294"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e3283423e51"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmab071"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000389"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03014469400003542"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2014.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1983.tb09697.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10092267"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000854"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2011.79"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.06.950"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.115.228254"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-022-01323-7"}],"container-title":["Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jpen.2761","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T09:02:30Z","timestamp":1760864550000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jpen.2761"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jpen.2761"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jpen.2761","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-6071","1941-2444"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-6071","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-2444","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}