{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T15:36:26Z","timestamp":1780760186664,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Parenter Enteral Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chylothorax is a postoperative complication for infants with congenital heart defects; with high nutrition risk. Defatted human milk is recommended; however, refrigerated centrifugation to process milk poses accessibility barriers for many hospitals and families at home. Creation of a simplified home\u2010based defatted milk protocol allows infants with chylothorax to be provided the immunological benefits of human milk postoperatively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Milk from 20 mothers was tested to compare refrigerated centrifugation as the standard defatting technique against gravity\u2010based methods: syringe tip\u2010down and gravy separator. Two timeframes, 24 h and 48\u2009h, were tested to determine if additional time had a significant impact on fat reduction. The MIRIS human milk analyzer provided results for fat, true protein, carbohydrate, and energy\u00a0content. One\u2010way analysis of variance was used to determine a significant difference on fat content among methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All methods had a significant reduction in fat content, with centrifugation having the largest mean decline from 3.4 to 0.5\u2009g\/100\u2009ml (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). The second most effective method to defat milk was 48\u2010h gravy separator with a mean decline to 0.7\u2009g\/100\u2009ml (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Postpartum age of milk impacted the degree of fat removal in all methods. True protein content remained the same as baseline in all methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A simplified home\u2010based gravity separation method over 48\u2009h reduced human milk fat by 80%. This is the first protocol to defat human milk without use of the more resource\u2010intensive centrifugation method, that shows significant fat reduction with easy\u2010to\u2010use and accessible equipment for management of infants with chylothorax.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T01:38:23Z","timestamp":1750729103000},"page":"724-731","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development of home\u2010based methods to defat human milk for infants with chylothorax: An experimental study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Kaitlin","family":"Berris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition Services British Columbia Women's Hospital and Health Centre Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Department of Critical Care British Columbia Children's Hospital Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5542-7920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kendall","family":"Plant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BC Women's Provincial Milk Bank, BC Women's Hospital and Health Center Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Marquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicki","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care British Columbia Children's Hospital Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9380-1725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajavel","family":"Elango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2021.0334"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8090-5-127"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951122001871"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-021-01125-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2018.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.10887"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607114566464"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1710"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533613497763"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-016-1393-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533617722762"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2017.29047.aje"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","unstructured":"PolbergerS CederholmU HjortC et al. 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