{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T05:08:21Z","timestamp":1780636101141,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,22]],"date-time":"2025-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Parenter Enteral Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>We determined the incidence of catheter\u2010related bloodstream infections in adult patients requiring home parenteral nutrition (HPN) while receiving sodium citrate locks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a single\u2010center descriptive cohort study involving 38 adults who required HPN from January 1, 2020, to August 31, 2022. The exact method, assuming a Poisson distribution, was used to estimate the incidence rate of catheter\u2010related bloodstream infections per 1000 catheter days among patients receiving sodium citrate locks. Univariate and multivariate analyses using Poisson regression and frailty models were employed to evaluate predictive factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010eight patients received sodium citrate locks, with 65.8% women (mean age, 50.2\u2009\u00b1\u200914.5 years). The average length of HPN was 3.6 years. Forty\u2010six catheter\u2010related bloodstream infections occurred during 20,085 catheter days, demonstrating an incidence rate of 2.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.7\u20133.1) per 1000 catheter days. Peripheral\u2010inserted central catheters had a higher incidence rate (3.9 per 1000 catheter days) than Hickman catheters (2.2 per 1000 catheter days), with a hazard ratio of 1.27, indicating a 27% increased risk of catheter\u2010related bloodstream infections. Univariate and multivariate Poisson regression analyses revealed that for every 1\u2010h increase in HPN infusion duration (h\/day), the incidence rate of catheter\u2010related bloodstream infections is expected to increase by 10%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Catheter\u2010related bloodstream infections are common in adult patients requiring HPN. Sodium citrate locks may help prevent these infections. Recognizing predictive factors, such as the duration of parenteral infusion, can help healthcare providers develop more effective prevention strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T02:45:09Z","timestamp":1750646709000},"page":"783-790","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Incidence of catheter\u2010related bloodstream infections with sodium citrate lock therapy in adult patients receiving home parenteral nutrition: A descriptive cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2063-8031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Leong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolic Support Service Emory University Hospital Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Services Emory University Hospital 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USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Galloway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolic Support Service Emory University Hospital Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of General and GI Surgery Emory University Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas R.","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolic Support Service Emory University Hospital Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids Emory University Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivian M.","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolic Support Service Emory University Hospital Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Services Emory University Hospital Atlanta 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