{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T19:21:35Z","timestamp":1787858495428,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,6]],"date-time":"2025-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Parenter Enteral Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to determine the association between timing of parenteral nutrition initiation and length of hospital stay in late preterm and term infants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective cohort study includes infants \u226535 weeks gestation admitted to a Pediatrix Medical Group neonatal intensive care unit in 2009\u20132019. Propensity score matching was used to control for demographics, delivery characteristics, and severity of illness. The primary outcome was length of hospital stay. Secondary outcomes were duration of mechanical ventilation, late\u2010onset sepsis, and mortality. Early parenteral nutrition was defined as initiation on the day of birth and late as initiation after.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The total cohort has 475,708 infants; of 259,495 eligible infants, 97,577 (37.6%) received parenteral nutrition. After propensity score matching, outcomes were analyzed for 13,712 infants. Infants receiving late parenteral nutrition (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096856) have no difference in length of hospital stay compared with early. Analysis of secondary outcomes reveals no differences between groups. Negative binomial regression shows decreased length of hospital stay when parenteral nutrition is initiated on days of life 1\u20133 compared with day of birth or days 4\u201310.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Initiating parenteral nutrition on day 1 or later vs day of birth is not associated with increased length of hospital stay in late preterm and term infants. Exploratory analysis suggests that initiation of parenteral nutrition on days 1\u20133 instead of day of birth or days 4\u201310 is associated with decreased hospital stay. Prospective clinical trials are needed to better understand optimal timing of parenteral nutrition in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,6]],"date-time":"2025-07-06T22:30:04Z","timestamp":1751841004000},"page":"846-854","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association between late parenteral nutrition initiation and length of hospital stay in late preterm and term infants: A retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8475-8764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrina A.","family":"Savioli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda Maryland USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Brooke Army Medical Center Fort Sam Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl E.","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anwar E.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Consulting Center Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cara H.","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Consulting Center Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7363-4640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reese H.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pediatrix Center for Research, Education, Quality, and Safety Sunrise Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4798-9461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole R.","family":"Dobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda Maryland USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Division of Newborn Medicine Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paed.2020.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2007.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211539"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2005.10.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.042028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcped.2018.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2016.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14071530"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607116678196"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","article-title":"Early versus late administration of amino acids in preterm infants receiving parenteral nutrition","volume":"1","author":"Trivedi A","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-023-04477-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Neonatal parenteral nutrition. NICE guideline NG154. Published February 26 2020. Accessed April 5 2023.https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng154"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.06.945"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1514762"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(18)30131-7"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","article-title":"Early versus late parenteral nutrition for critically ill term and late preterm infants","volume":"4","author":"Moon K","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30334-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.2668"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1102662"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61351-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1121406"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-024-04532-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/neo.23-10-e738"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-018-0217-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1212074"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-011-1549-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211242"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-014-1585-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2010.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.01.013"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure","volume":"6","author":"Holm S","year":"1979","journal-title":"Scand J Stat"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2024-002579"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-2068"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1786-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-2563"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.14083"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe1601140"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1936-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2021-322383"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(17)30186-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200301000-00008"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","article-title":"Higher versus lower amino acid intake in parenteral nutrition for newborn infants","volume":"3","author":"Osborn DA","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607117696330"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000481192"}],"container-title":["Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jpen.2805","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T08:46:37Z","timestamp":1760085997000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jpen.2805"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,6]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jpen.2805"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jpen.2805","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-6071","1941-2444"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-6071","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-2444","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}