{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T05:45:18Z","timestamp":1789623918597,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007623","name":"School of Medicine, Emory University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1\u2010TR002378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1\u2010TR002378"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007623","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Parenter Enteral Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with congenital heart disease are at risk for poor neurodevelopment. The gut microbiome may influence neurodevelopmental outcomes through the gut\u2010brain axis. This study investigated the association of early\u2010life gut microbiome with neurodevelopmental outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective cohort study was conducted in the cardiac intensive care unit. Fecal samples were collected before surgery, after surgery, and before discharge. Neurodevelopmental testing used Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development between 9 and 12 months. Microbial data of the 16S ribosomal RNA V4 region were processed. Microbiome data were analyzed using Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology 2 and MicrobiomeAnalyst 2.0.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2010four patients were analyzed: 15 (62.5%) were male and 12 (50%) were White. Children with lower cognitive (Chao1\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.024) and language scores (Chao1\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.018) had lower alpha diversity; beta diversity showed marginally significant dissimilarities (Jaccard\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.102 and\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.051, respectively). Lower cognitive scores were associated with less\n                      <jats:italic>Parabacteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.031),\n                      <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.041), and\n                      <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.047), and lower language scores were associated with less\n                      <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.044) and\n                      <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.024). Lower motor scores were associated with less\n                      <jats:italic>Rothia<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.017) but a higher abundance of\n                      <jats:italic>Serratia<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001),\n                      <jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.016), and\n                      <jats:italic>Proteus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.013).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Children with congenital heart disease with lower cognitive and language scores had lower diversity and less anti\u2010inflammatory flora (eg,\n                      <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), whereas those with lower motor scores had a higher abundance of pro\u2010inflammatory flora (eg,\n                      <jats:italic>Serratia<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Proteus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). Further studies are needed to understand the longitudinal effect of gut microbial dysbiosis on neurodevelopment in children with congenital heart disease.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.70038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T04:17:53Z","timestamp":1765599473000},"page":"236-246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association between the gut microbiome and neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with congenital heart disease: A prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3204-1176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael P.","family":"Fundora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Cardiology Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta Georgia 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