{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:56:28Z","timestamp":1791197788942,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Parenter Enteral Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Skeletal muscle loss is a common consequence of critical illness, yet its determinants and prognostic significance remain unclear. This study investigated muscle trajectory during hospitalization in critically ill patients, factors predicting these changes, and the associations between early muscle changes with clinical and functional outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adults (\u226518 years) with severe pneumonia requiring supplemental oxygen were enrolled within 72\u2009h of ICU admission. Two groups were recruited: RT\u2010PCR\u2010confirmed COVID\u201019 and non\u2010COVID pneumonia, individually matched by age (\u00b110 years), sex, and ventilatory support. Ultrasound assessments of quadriceps muscles (quadriceps muscle layer thickness, rectus femoris cross\u2010sectional area, pennation angle, fascicle length) and forearm muscle thickness were performed in the ICU on study Days 1, 7, and 14, at ICU discharge (if later), and at hospital discharge. Muscle trajectories were evaluated using linear mixed\u2010effects models. Regression analyses examined associations of relative muscle changes with (1) potential predictors, (2) 60\u2010day time\u2010to\u2010discharge alive, and (3) hospital discharge handgrip and knee extension strength.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifty\u2010nine patients (29 COVID\u201019, 30 non\u2010COVID) were analyzed. Quadriceps muscles changed significantly over time, while forearm muscle thickness did not; trajectories were comparable between groups. No patient characteristics, laboratory, or clinical factors were associated with muscle changes on Day 7 or hospital discharge. Day 7 muscle changes were not associated with time\u2010to\u2010discharge\u2010alive at 60 days or muscle strength after baseline adjustment (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In critically ill patients, significant muscle changes occurred during hospitalization irrespective of COVID\u201019 status, but no predictors were identified. Early muscle change alone was not predictive of clinical or functional outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance Statement<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrates that skeletal muscle changes significantly over the course of hospitalization with similar trajectories in COVID\u201019 and non\u2010COVID patients, independent of patient characteristics or routine clinical and laboratory factors. Early muscle loss alone was not predictive of clinical and functional outcomes, highlighting the need for combined or alternative markers to better identify high\u2010risk patients and guide targeted interventions in critical care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.70123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T04:09:48Z","timestamp":1782878988000},"page":"963-975","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Longitudinal changes of skeletal muscle mass and architecture in critically ill adults: A prospective matched cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1351-2753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolyn Tze Ing","family":"Loh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology Universiti Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4505-7476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zheng\u2010Yii","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology Universiti Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg W\u00fcrzburg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Cardiac Anesthesiology &amp;, Intensive Care Medicine Charit\u00e9 Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5890-4825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nor'azim Mohd","family":"Yunos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology Universiti Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology Universiti Malaya Medical Centre  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2028-2039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Stoppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg W\u00fcrzburg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Cardiac Anesthesiology &amp;, Intensive Care Medicine Charit\u00e9 Berlin Berlin Germany"},{"name":"DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7493-7416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. 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