{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T23:35:05Z","timestamp":1788478505376,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750032000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective cohort trial examines the effects of heavy smoking on peri\u2010implant marginal bone loss (MBL) and implant survival rates over 15 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty subjects, categorized as either smokers (more than 20 cigarettes daily for over 5 years) or non\u2010smokers, were initially recruited with pocket depths \u2264\u00a05\u00a0mm and at least one missing tooth. Urine cotinine assay was used to confirm smoking status. Implants were placed and restored after 4 months. Clinical, radiographic and stability variables were assessed at placement, 15, 24, and 67 weeks. Measurements included marginal bone height, peri\u2010implant pocket depth, implant stability, bleeding on probing, and plaque index. Statistical analyses included Mann\u2013Whitney tests for continuous variables, Fisher exact tests for categorical variables, and generalized estimating equations for longitudinal changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirteen implants were installed in the smoker group (11 subjects) and 18 in the non\u2010smoker group (18 subjects). Survival rates were lower in smokers (84.6%) compared with non\u2010smokers (94.4%). Smokers experienced significantly greater marginal bone loss 12 months after final reconstruction (1.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.3\u00a0mm versus 0.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.6\u00a0mm;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.008). Pocket depth was slightly greater in smokers but this did not reach statistical significance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Heavy smoking significantly increases marginal bone loss and decreases implant survival. Further research is needed to corroborate these findings and develop intervention programs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Plain language summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Heavy smoking is a well\u2010known risk factor for poor dental health, yet its effects on dental implants are less frequently examined. This study investigated how heavy smoking (more than 20 cigarettes daily for at least 5 years) impacts the success of dental implants. We monitored 29 patients, including both heavy smokers and non\u2010smokers, over 15 months after implant placement and restoration. We evaluated bone loss, implant stability, and success rates. Our results showed that heavy smokers experienced significantly more bone loss\u2014twice as much as non\u2010smokers\u2014along with slightly reduced implant stability and survival. These adverse outcomes likely relate to smoking's negative effects on bone healing and immune function. Our findings underscore the importance of addressing smoking before implant procedures and suggest that quitting smoking could greatly improve long\u2010term outcomes. Further research is needed to develop strategies for mitigating the risks of smoking in implant dentistry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jper.11362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T11:43:53Z","timestamp":1750074233000},"page":"137-148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effect of smoking over one pack daily on implant healing and health: A cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5500-7961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaniv","family":"Mayer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology School of Graduate Dentistry Rambam Health Care Campus (RHCC)  Haifa Israel"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology  Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0429-2883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eran","family":"Gabay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology School of Graduate Dentistry Rambam Health Care Campus (RHCC)  Haifa Israel"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology  Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6636-0138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eli E.","family":"Machtei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology School of Graduate Dentistry Rambam Health Care Campus (RHCC)  Haifa Israel"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology  Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eli","family":"Regev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology School of Graduate Dentistry Rambam Health Care Campus (RHCC)  Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8736-9753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ofir","family":"Ginesin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology School of Graduate Dentistry Rambam Health Care Campus (RHCC)  Haifa Israel"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology  Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zvi","family":"Gutmacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology  Haifa Israel"},{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics School of Graduate Dentistry Rambam Health Care Campus (RHCC).  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