{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T00:16:46Z","timestamp":1760919406555,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,14]],"date-time":"2018-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The dental complications of uncontrolled diabetes include reduced salivary flow rate, candidiasis and periodontal manifestations. A recent meta\u2010analysis concluded that diabetes patients have a significantly higher severity, but not extent, of destructive periodontal disease than non\u2010diabetics. The authors reported that most type\u20101 diabetes studies using dental radiographic data have not controlled for confounding factors such as smoking. The aim of this cross\u2010sectional study was to compare radiographic alveolar bone loss between type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and non\u2010diabetes (NDM) participants in a Scottish non\u2010smoking population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Digital bitewing radiographs for 174 Scottish adults never or ex\u2010smoker (&gt;5 years) participants (108 T1DM, 66 NDS), recruited from outpatient clinics throughout Greater Glasgow and Clyde, were included in the analysis. A single blinded, trained, and calibrated examiner recorded the radiographic bone loss seen on bitewing radiographs using the digital screen caliper (Screen Calliper ICONICO version 4.0 (Copyright (C) 2001\u20136 Iconico), New York). The bone loss was measured as the distance between the cemento\u2010enamel junction (CEJ) and the deepest radiographic alveolar bone margin interproximally of each tooth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>T1DM participants had more radiographic alveolar bone loss throughout the all teeth measured (median:1.27 mm versus 1.06 mm, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and more than a two\u2010fold increase in the risk of having sites with \u22652 mm periodontal destruction (OR = 2.297, 95%CI 1.058 to 4.986, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.036) compared with non\u2010diabetes subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients suffering from type 1 diabetes are at higher risk of periodontitis even when controlling for multiple possible confounding factors and this difference can be detected on routine dental radiographs at an early stage. These data confirm radiographically the previously reported association between T1DM and periodontal bone loss.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jper.16-0788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]],"date-time":"2018-05-15T22:41:44Z","timestamp":1526424104000},"page":"1043-1051","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Radiographic bone loss in a Scottish non\u2010smoking type 1 diabetes mellitus population: A bitewing radiographic study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Anastasios","family":"Plessas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Peninsula School of Dentistry, Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry Plymouth University  Plymouth UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas P.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Science Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary a Life Sciences University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Penny J.","family":"Hodge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Science Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary a Life Sciences University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1968.39.6.341"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2005.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"The relationship between diabetes mellitus and destructive periodontal disease: a meta\u2010analysis","volume":"7","author":"Chavarry NG","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oral Health Prev Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"113","article-title":"Alveolar bone loss and reported medical status among a sample of patients at a Saudi dental school","volume":"4","author":"Al\u2010Zahrani MS","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oral Health Prev Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.1998.3.1.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1998.69.1.76"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1991.62.2.123"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2011.01791.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2004.00162.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1992.tb01710.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1989.tb01659.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1987.tb01511.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2006.00955.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2010.00736.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","unstructured":"The Scottish Government.Scottish index of multiple deprivation2012. 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