{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T08:02:55Z","timestamp":1769500975164,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,31]],"date-time":"2018-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011665","name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is hypothesized that (a) self\u2010perceived oral symptoms (OSs) are worse in intravenous heroin addicts (IHA) than controls; and (b) clinical periodontal inflammatory parameters (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], PD and clinical attachment loss [AL]), number of missing teeth (MT), and radiographic marginal bone loss (MBL) are higher in IHA compared with controls. The aim was to compare the self\u2010perceived OSs and periodontal parameters among young IHA and controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sociodemographic data, self\u2010perceived OSs and duration and daily frequency of intravenous heroin use was gathered using a structured questionnaire. Full\u2010mouth PI, BOP, PD, and clinical AL were measured, and number of MT were recorded. Mesial and distal MBL on all teeth was measured on digital radiographs. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed for self\u2010perceived OSs and periodontal parameters were assessed using the Mann Whitney U\u2010test and logistic regression analysis. Sample\u2010size was estimated, and level of significance was set at <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>OR (95% CI) for self\u2010perceived loose teeth (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), pain in teeth (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), dry mouth (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), burning sensation in mouth (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), bleeding gums (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and pain during chewing (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.001) were significantly higher in the test than control group. Number of MT (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), PI (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), clinical AL (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), and mesial (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) and distal (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) MBL were statistically significantly higher among individuals in the test group compared with the control group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Self\u2010perceived OSs and periodontal inflammatory parameters were worse in IHA than controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jper.17-0495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,21]],"date-time":"2018-02-21T12:41:07Z","timestamp":1519216867000},"page":"571-576","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Self\u2010perceived oral symptoms and periodontal status among young intravenous heroin addicts: A cross\u2010sectional case\u2010control study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Abid","family":"Mehmood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tariq","family":"Abduljabbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences College of Dentistry King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Eng. Abdullah Bugshan research chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation College of Dentistry King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nawwaf","family":"Al\u2010Hamoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences College of Dentistry King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elham","family":"Gholamiazizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Pennsylvania State University  PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio Varela","family":"Kellesarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Dentistry Eastman Institute for Oral Health University of Rochester  NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fahim","family":"Vohra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences College of Dentistry King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Eng. 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