{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T21:34:00Z","timestamp":1792532040715,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,21]],"date-time":"2018-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004320","name":"Philips","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004320","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004357","name":"Procter and Gamble","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Periodontal health is defined by absence of clinically detectable inflammation. There is a biological level of immune surveillance that is consistent with clinical gingival health and homeostasis. Clinical gingival health may be found in a periodontium that is intact, i.e. without clinical attachment loss or bone loss, and on a reduced periodontium in either a non\u2010periodontitis patient (e.g. in patients with some form of gingival recession or following crown lengthening surgery) or in a patient with a history of periodontitis who is currently periodontally stable. Clinical gingival health can be restored following treatment of gingivitis and periodontitis. However, the treated and stable periodontitis patient with current gingival health remains at increased risk of recurrent periodontitis, and accordingly, must be closely monitored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Two broad categories of gingival diseases include non\u2010dental plaque biofilm\u2013induced gingival diseases and dental plaque\u2010induced gingivitis. Non\u2010dental plaque biofilm\u2010induced gingival diseases include a variety of conditions that are not caused by plaque and usually do not resolve following plaque removal. Such lesions may be manifestations of a systemic condition or may be localized to the oral cavity. Dental plaque\u2010induced gingivitis has a variety of clinical signs and symptoms, and both local predisposing factors and systemic modifying factors can affect its extent, severity, and progression. Dental plaque\u2010induced gingivitis may arise on an intact periodontium or on a reduced periodontium in either a non\u2010periodontitis patient or in a currently stable \u201cperiodontitis patient\u201d i.e. successfully treated, in whom clinical inflammation has been eliminated (or substantially reduced). A periodontitis patient with gingival inflammation remains a periodontitis patient (Figure 1), and comprehensive risk assessment and management are imperative to ensure early prevention and\/or treatment of recurrent\/progressive periodontitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Precision dental medicine defines a patient\u2010centered approach to care, and therefore, creates differences in the way in which a \u201ccase\u201d of gingival health or gingivitis is defined for clinical practice as opposed to epidemiologically in population prevalence surveys. Thus, case definitions of gingival health and gingivitis are presented for both purposes. While gingival health and gingivitis have many clinical features, case definitions are primarily predicated on presence or absence of bleeding on probing. Here we classify gingival health and gingival diseases\/conditions, along with a summary table of diagnostic features for defining health and gingivitis in various clinical situations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jper.17-0719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,21]],"date-time":"2018-06-21T06:43:40Z","timestamp":1529563420000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":653,"title":["Periodontal health and gingival diseases and conditions on an intact and a reduced periodontium: Consensus report of workgroup 1 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri\u2010Implant Diseases and Conditions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Iain L.C.","family":"Chapple","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontal Research Group Institute of Clinical Sciences College of Medical &amp; Dental Sciences University of Birmingham  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian L.","family":"Mealey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio  USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas E.","family":"Van Dyke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Forsyth Institute  Cambridge MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. Mark","family":"Bartold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry University of Adelaide  Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Dommisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Eickholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Center for Oral Medicine Johann Wolfgang Goethe\u2010University Frankfurt  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria L.","family":"Geisinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology University of Alabama at Birmingham  USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Genco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology SUNY at Buffalo  NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Glogauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry University of Toronto  Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moshe","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Faculty of Dental Medicine Hebrew University\u2010Hadassah Medical Center  Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terrence J.","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontal Department Tufts University School of Dental Medicine  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Palle","family":"Holmstrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontology Section 1 Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgia K.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology University of Iowa College of Dentistry  Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Kapila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orofacial Sciences University of California San Francisco  USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niklaus P.","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology University of Bern  Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joerg","family":"Meyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology University of Giessen  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinya","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University  Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Plemons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics Texas A&amp;M College of Dentistry  Dallas TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe A.","family":"Romito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Periodontology Department of Stomatology Dental School University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lior","family":"Shapira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Faculty of Dental Medicine Hebrew University\u2010Hadassah Medical Center  Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitris N.","family":"Tatakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Periodontology College of Dentistry Ohio State University  Columbus OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"Teughels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health Sciences Periodontology KU Leuven &amp; Dentistry University Hospitals Leuven  Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Trombelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for the Study of Periodontal and Peri\u2010Implant Diseases University of Ferrara  Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemens","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Endodontology &amp; Cariology University Centre for Dental Medicine University of Basel School of Dentistry  Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gernot","family":"Wimmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics School of 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