{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T11:55:43Z","timestamp":1781092543260,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,16]],"date-time":"2018-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundations of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81470739"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81470739"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite being almost identical to embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been shown to possess a residual somatic memory that favors their differentiation propensity into donor tissue. To further confirm this assumption, we compare for the first time the periodontal differentiation tendency of human gingival fibroblast\u2010derived iPSCs (G\u2010iPSCs) and human neonatal skin fibroblast\u2010derived iPSCs (S\u2010iPSCs) to assess whether G\u2010iPSCs could be more efficiently induced toward periodontal cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We induced G\u2010 and S\u2010iPSCs under the treatment of growth\/differentiation factor\u20105 and connective tissue growth factor, respectively, for 14 days. Immunofluorescence staining and real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction were used to compare their expression levels of related markers. Furthermore, a hydrogel carrier was developed to seed these periodontal progenitors for subcutaneous implantation in non\u2010obese diabetic\u2010severe combined immunodeficiency disease mice. Their differentiated periodontal phenotype maintenance was further assayed by HE observation, immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence co\u2010localization with pre\u2010labeled PKH67.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>As expected, both iPSCs were inclined to differentiate back into their original lineage by expressing higher markers at both gene and protein levels in vitro. HE observation of G\u2010iPSCs\u2010seeded hydrogel constructs present more mineralized structure formation than S\u2010iPSCs\u2010seeded ones. Immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence analysis also showed stronger positive staining for periodontal related markers in G\u2010iPSCs\u2010seeded hydrogel constructs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results preliminarily confirmed that both G\u2010 and S\u2010iPSCs were inclined to differentiate back into their original tissue in vitro. Animal study further confirmed the phenotype maintenance of periodontal differentiated G\u2010iPSCs, which highlighted their significant implications for therapeutic use in periodontal regeneration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jper.18-0033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,24]],"date-time":"2018-07-24T02:29:02Z","timestamp":1532399342000},"page":"1230-1240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Comparative study of periodontal differentiation propensity of induced pluripotent stem cells from different tissue origins"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Jingwen","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology  Beijing PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology  Beijing PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingxian","family":"Luan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology  Beijing PR 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