{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T12:02:08Z","timestamp":1789387328149,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,11]],"date-time":"2018-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81771076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81771076"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81670629"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81670629"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>\u00a0The autocrine growth factor progranulin (PGRN) plays a crucial role in the physiological and pathological processes. However, its function in chronic periodontitis (CP) remains unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>\u00a0Forty\u2010five CP patients\u00a0and 43 healthy controls were\u00a0recruited. Expressions of PGRN in gingival biopsies were assessed by reverse transcription\u2010quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010qPCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The levels of PGRN, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1), and interleukin\u20101 beta (IL\u20101\u03b2) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) before and after non\u2010surgical periodontal treatment were quantified by ELISA. In addition, recombinant human PGRN (rhPGRN) or its vehicle was injected into the gingiva of rats with ligature\u2010induced experimental periodontitis to test its influence on the disease process. Local inflammatory cell infiltration and alveolar bone loss were assessed by histomorphometric analysis, and the expression levels of TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u20101\u03b2 in the gingiva were determined by RT\u2010qPCR and ELISA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>\u00a0PGRN expression was increased in the gingiva and GCF of\u00a0patients with CP compared with healthy controls. With the decline of periodontal clinical indices, the molar ratio of PGRN to TNF\u2010\u03b1 in GCF at 1 month after non\u2010surgical treatment was significantly higher than at baseline (35.31 \u00b1 22.09\u00a0vs 25.67 \u00b1 16.19, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.01). In rats with experimental periodontitis, local administration of rhPGRN attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.05), inhibited alveolar bone loss (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.05) and decreased TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u20101\u03b2 levels (both <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.01) compared with the vehicle treatment group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings suggest that progranulin is highly expressed in the gingiva and GCF of patients with CP and protects against experimental periodontitis in rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jper.18-0132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,12]],"date-time":"2018-07-12T11:59:13Z","timestamp":1531396753000},"page":"1418-1427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Progranulin is highly expressed in patients with chronic periodontitis and protects against experimental periodontitis in rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Xiao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration Shandong University  Jinan Shandong China"},{"name":"Department of Periodontics Jinan Stomatological Hospital  Jinan Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhibin","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics Jinan Stomatological Hospital  Jinan Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration Shandong University  Jinan Shandong China"},{"name":"Department of Periodontology School of Dentistry Shandong 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