{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T14:45:06Z","timestamp":1792075506433,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]],"date-time":"2018-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>A comparison of the salivary microbiome of non\u2010diabetic and diabetic cohorts having periodontal health, gingivitis and periodontitis could reveal microbial signatures unique to each group that will increase understanding of the role of oral microbiota in the pathogenesis of disease, and assist with diagnosis and risk assessment for both periodontal disease and diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A group of individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D) was compared with a group without T2D. For both the diabetic and non\u2010diabetic cohorts, three subgroups were established: periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis. Salivary DNA was extracted (n\u00a0= 146), polymerase chain reaction was performed to amplify 16S rRNA hypervariable region V3\u2010V4, and constructed libraries were sequenced and subjected to bioinformatic and statistical analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Microbiome analysis resulted in 88 different genus level operational taxonomic units (OTUs) for differential abundance testing. Results were largely described by two trends. Trend 1 showed OTUs that increased in abundance with increasing periodontal disease, and in diabetics relative to non\u2010diabetics. Trend 1 OTUs comprised a mix of primarily anaerobic commensals and potential periodontopathogens. Trend 2 was driven primarily by genera that decreased in abundance in those with diabetes relative to those without diabetes, which included other anaerobes associated with periodontal disease. Overall, oral microbial diversity decreased in diabetics and increased with progression of periodontal disease compared with periodontally healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although select microbiota increased in both diabetes and periodontal disease progression, these genera decreased in co\u2010existing diabetes and periodontal disease. These findings suggest that the genera abundance continues to change with additional stress imposed by co\u2010existing conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jper.18-0167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,12]],"date-time":"2018-07-12T12:01:04Z","timestamp":1531396864000},"page":"26-34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["The salivary microbiome of diabetic and non\u2010diabetic adults with periodontal disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Amarpreet","family":"Sabharwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology School of Dental Medicine University at Buffalo  Buffalo NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Ganley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics School of Public Health and Health Professions University at Buffalo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey C.","family":"Miecznikowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics School of Public Health and Health Professions University at Buffalo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine M.","family":"Haase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology School of Dental Medicine University at Buffalo  Buffalo NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deceased; previously Colgate Palmolive Technology Center  Piscataway NJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank A.","family":"Scannapieco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology School of Dental Medicine University at Buffalo  Buffalo NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7<539::AID-DIA668>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199306103282306"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i7.927"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Composition, diversity and abundance of gut microbiome in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes","volume":"2","author":"Lambeth SM","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Diabetes Obes"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.03053.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2012.01498.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2006.00996.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.2007.00426.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","article-title":"Salivary inflammatory markers and microbiome in normoglycemic lean and obese children compared to obese children with type 2 diabetes","volume":"12","author":"Janem WF","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2013.134005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034509351812"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2014.00098"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009085"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","article-title":"Investigation of the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on subgingival plaque microbiota by high\u2010throughput 16S rDNA pyrosequencing","volume":"8","author":"Zhou M","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170437"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105181"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016356408993968"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"A modified gingival index for use in clinical trials","volume":"8","author":"Lobene RR","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Prev Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01541-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","unstructured":"HOMD 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Download.Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD)v14.5 [5\/5\/2017]. 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