{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T14:06:41Z","timestamp":1791986801131,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,11]],"date-time":"2018-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002679","name":"Adnan Menderes \u00dcniversitesi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DHF\u201015009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DHF\u201015009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002679","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hypoxia\u2010inducible factor\u20101 alpha (HIF\u20101\u03b1) is expressed as an adaptive response to hypoxia, mediates angiogenesis through the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and can be induced by tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1). This study aimed to investigate the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and salivary HIF\u20101\u03b1, VEGF, and TNF\u2010\u03b1 levels in periodontal health and disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 87 individuals, 20 generalized aggressive periodontitis (G\u2010AgP), 20 chronic periodontitis (CP), 26 gingivitis patients, and 21 periodontally healthy individuals, were included. Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded; GCF and salivary samples were collected; and HIF\u20101\u03b1, VEGF, and TNF\u2010\u03b1 levels were measured by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay. Nonparametric tests were used for the statistical analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>G\u2010AgP and CP groups had significantly higher GCF HIF\u20101\u03b1, VEGF, and TNF\u2010\u03b1 total amounts than gingivitis and healthy groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). GCF HIF\u20101\u03b1 and TNF\u2010\u03b1 total amounts in gingivitis group were significantly higher than the healthy group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). GCF and salivary concentrations of biomarkers were similar in both periodontitis groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05). Salivary HIF\u20101\u03b1 concentrations in gingivitis group were significantly higher than G\u2010AgP and healthy groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). GCF HIF\u20101\u03b1, VEGF, and TNF\u2010\u03b1 total amounts were positively correlated with the site\u2010specific clinical periodontal parameters and with each other (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>HIF\u20101\u03b1 is detectable in GCF and saliva of periodontally diseased and healthy individuals, and the GCF levels of the biomarker can be affected by disease status. Increased GCF HIF\u20101\u03b1, VEGF, and TNF\u2010\u03b1 levels in both chronic and aggressive form of periodontitis might suggest the role of TNF\u2010\u03b1\/HIF\u20101\u03b1\/VEGF pathway in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jper.18-0412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,11]],"date-time":"2018-12-11T05:26:08Z","timestamp":1544505968000},"page":"788-797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Gingival crevicular fluid and salivary HIF\u20101\u03b1, VEGF, and TNF\u2010\u03b1 levels in periodontal health and disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Beral","family":"Afacan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Faculty of Dentistry Adnan Menderes University  Ayd\u0131n Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veli 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