{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:59:06Z","timestamp":1790812746590,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The association of periodontitis and <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Pg<\/jats:italic>) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is incompletely understood. To gain further insights, we evaluated periodontal status, oral, serum and joint inflammatory profiles, and <jats:italic>Pg<\/jats:italic> biomarkers in RA patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this cross\u2010sectional study, we evaluated 33 patients with predominantly untreated new\u2010onset RA, 20 healthy individuals (HIs), and 20 non\u2010RA chronic periodontitis patients. Thirteen mediators (IFN\u2010\u03b3, IL\u201010, IL\u201017A, IL\u20106, IL\u20108, CXCL10, TNF\u2010\u03b1, CXCL13, IL\u201023, MMP\u20101, MMP\u20103, MMP\u20108, MMP\u20109) were measured in serum, synovial fluid, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) by multiplex immunoassay. Serum <jats:italic>Pg<\/jats:italic> IgG antibodies and subgingival <jats:italic>Pg<\/jats:italic> DNA were determined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most RA patients (91%) received routine dental care; only one currently smoked. Ten (30.3%) had periodontal health, 13 (39.4%) had gingivitis, and 10 (30.3%) had periodontitis. Th1 and innate immune responses predominated in serum. Many mediators were concentrated in joints, particularly IL\u20106, IL\u20108, and CXCL10. However, salivary and GCF profiles were more restricted, emphasizing neutrophilic inflammation (IL\u20108, MMP\u20108) and MMP\u20109. Compared with HI, most RA patients, regardless of periodontal status, had significantly elevated oral fluid levels of these mediators, with suppression of GCF IL\u201010, a pattern similar to non\u2010RA periodontitis patients. <jats:italic>Pg<\/jats:italic> antibodies or DNA however were primarily associated with clinical periodontitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite routine dental care, RA patients often had inflammation in oral fluids, but inflammatory profiles differed from serum and joints. Neutrophilic inflammatory profiles in oral fluids, regardless of periodontal status, suggests that gingival tissues are a common, and often unrecognized, site of extra\u2010articular inflammation in RA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jper.20-0051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]],"date-time":"2021-02-20T20:18:23Z","timestamp":1613852303000},"page":"1379-1391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Periodontal inflammation and distinct inflammatory profiles in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid compared with serum and joints in rheumatoid arthritis patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0224-9681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheila L.","family":"Arvikar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4395-3958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hatice","family":"Hasturk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Oral Sciences The Forsyth Institute  Cambridge Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klemen","family":"Strle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Stephens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Oral Sciences The Forsyth Institute  Cambridge Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcy B.","family":"Bolster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah S.","family":"Collier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alpdogan","family":"Kantarci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Oral Sciences The Forsyth Institute  Cambridge Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allen C.","family":"Steere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000076"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"70","article-title":"Association of periodontal disease and tooth loss with rheumatoid arthritis in the US population","volume":"35","author":"Pablo P","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2008.070501"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-200380"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34539"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4061"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket362"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38348"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011916"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.5394"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.091398"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2011.01776.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2012.110321"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155956"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2013.130079"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2009.080447"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2008.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.091323"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2011.110020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4289"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34595"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154182"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27552"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-004-6641-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaj1921"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2010.01625.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-016-2341-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jicd.12066"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13145"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2018.1468922"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12159"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2014.140450"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27584"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Osteology Guidelines for Oral and Maxillofacial Regeneration Clinical Research","author":"Hasturk H","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.1999.4.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","first-page":"788","article-title":"Checkerboard\u2032\u2032 DNA\u2010DNA hybridization","volume":"17","author":"Socransky SS","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000099","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2015-000099","article-title":"A new classification of HLA\u2010DRB1 alleles based on acid\u2010base properties of the amino acids located at positions 13, 70 and 71: impact on ACPA status or structural progression, and meta\u2010analysis on 1235 patients with rheumatoid from two cohorts (ESPOIR and EAC cohort)","volume":"1","author":"Ruyssen\u2010Witrand A","year":"2015","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.140137"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2017-000487"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","first-page":"1523","article-title":"Serum matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"33","author":"Fiedorczyk M","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12495"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2008.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-014-3112-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Levels of Interleukin\u201010 in gingival crevicular fluid and its role in initiation and progression of gingivitis to periodontitis","volume":"2","author":"Fenol A","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Oral Hyg Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40485"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12337"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/jom.v4i0.19227"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21620"}],"container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/JPER.20-0051","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/JPER.20-0051","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/JPER.20-0051","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T11:48:13Z","timestamp":1760874493000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/JPER.20-0051"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/JPER.20-0051"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jper.20-0051","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3492","1943-3670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3492","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3670","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-02-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-02-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-03-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}