{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T16:39:02Z","timestamp":1781368742582,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,27]],"date-time":"2020-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Periodontitis is a suspected environmental risk factor for the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, correlation mechanisms between the two pathologies remain elusive. This study examined potential correlations between detached subgingival bacteria collected in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and RA parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>RA patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a052, F:M\u00a0=\u00a040:12), patients with Behcet's disease (BD, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a040, F:M\u00a0=\u00a029:11) as another systemic inflammatory disease were studied along with a systemically healthy control group (HC, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a057, F:M\u00a0=\u00a040:17). All participants were non\u2010smokers. Full mouth periodontal parameters were recorded. RA activity was assessed using the 28\u2010joint Disease Activity Score (DAS\u201028). Rheumatoid factors (RFs)\u2010IgM and \u2010IgA were measured by ELISA. GCF samples were investigated by means of fluorescent in situ hybridization for 10 different bacterial taxa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The taxa TM7, <jats:italic>Synergistetes<\/jats:italic> cluster B, <jats:italic>Leptotrichia, Megasphaera<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Anaeroglobus geminatus<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Tannerella forsythia<\/jats:italic> displayed significantly differential abundances between the groups. Whereas abundances of <jats:italic>Megasphaera<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>A. geminatus<\/jats:italic> were significantly increased in the RA group, only <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic> displayed significant correlations with plaque scores, bleeding on probing, and RF\u2010IgA. RA patients displaying RF\u2010IgA levels\u00a0&gt;75 IU\/mL exhibited five\u2010fold more abundant <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> levels than patients below the threshold. This association with RF\u2010IgA levels appeared even more pronounced, by six\u2010fold more <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.025), in patients with a DAS\u201028 score\u00a0&gt;3.2, indicative of moderate\/very active RA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Unattached GCF bacteria may mediate the association between periodontitis and RA, and monitoring the bacterial composition of GCF might inform on RA activity. The role of newly identified bacterial taxa in RA warrants further investigations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jper.20-0295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T01:24:40Z","timestamp":1596245080000},"page":"359-370","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Novel and known periodontal pathogens residing in gingival crevicular fluid are associated with rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9220-3977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Manoil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Medicine Division of Oral Diseases Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagihan","family":"Bostanci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Medicine Division of 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