{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T20:47:03Z","timestamp":1793652423637,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Periodontal disease (PD) is known to be associated with endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery and\/or cardiovascular disease. In our study, we sought to explore the virulence of\n P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n (\n Pg<\/jats:italic>\n ) affecting glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK\u20103\u03b2)\/nuclear factor (erythroid\u2010derived 2)\u2010like 2 (Nrf2)\/tetrahydrobiopterin (BH\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n )\/ nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression in primary human aortic endothelial cells (pHAECs).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n pHAECs were infected for 48 hours with\n Pg<\/jats:italic>\n in vitro using the Human oxygen\u2010Bacteria anaerobic coculture technique. Cell viability was determined, and target gene expression changes were evaluated by quantitative real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction at the end of each incubation period.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Pg<\/jats:italic>\n impaired pHAEC viability 24 hours post\u2010infection.\n Pg<\/jats:italic>\n infection reduced mRNA expression levels of endothelial NOS (eNOS), Nrf2, and Phase II enzymes (heme oxygenase\u20101, catalase, superoxide dismutase\u20101) in a time\u2010dependent manner. Significant (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<0.05) increase in the inflammatory markers (interleukin [IL]\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, and tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1) were observed in the medium as well as in the infected cells. Interestingly, inducible NOS mRNA levels showed a significant (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<0.05) increase at 12 hours and 24 hours and were reduced at later time points. BH\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n (cofactor of eNOS) biosynthesis enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR, salvage pathway) mRNA levels showed a significant (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<0.05) decrease, while mRNA levels of GSK\u20103\u03b2 were elevated.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n These results suggest that periodontal bacterial infection may cause significant changes in the endothelial GSK\u20103\u03b2\/BH\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n \/eNOS\/Nrf2 pathways, which may lead to impaired vascular relaxation. Greater understanding of the factors that adversely affect endothelial cell function could contribute to the development of new therapeutic compounds to treat PD\u2010induced vascular diseases.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jper.20-0444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,31]],"date-time":"2020-10-31T01:25:28Z","timestamp":1604107528000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/i>\n infection alters Nrf2\u2010phase II enzymes and nitric oxide in primary human aortic endothelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Chethan","family":"Sampath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ODS & Research Meharry Medical College Nashville TN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel U.","family":"Okoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Immunology & Physiology, Meharry Medical College Nashville TN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Gipson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ODS & Research Meharry Medical College Nashville TN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sasanka S.","family":"Chukkapalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology University of Florida Gainesville FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cherae M.","family":"Farmer\u2010Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ODS & Research Meharry Medical College Nashville TN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pandu R.","family":"Gangula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ODS & Research Meharry Medical College Nashville TN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129885"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12248"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2006.00924.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0097811"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i5.679"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20061414"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1283220"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.101535"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2017.170023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2013.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2015.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9237263"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v7.i1.26"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.303584"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2013.5566"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9372182"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129885"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00053"},{"issue":"106","key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"e53408","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis as a model organism for assessing interaction of anaerobic bacteria with host cells","author":"Wunsch CM","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17906"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/pr501141b"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306301"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16190-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2017.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2017.1281562"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2012.02579.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-6-26"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","first-page":"701","article-title":"Radical\u2010scavenging and anti\u2010inflammatory activity of quercetin and related compounds and their combinations against RAW264.7 cells stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis fimbriae. 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