{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T22:00:35Z","timestamp":1784757635212,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intracranial carotid artery calcifications (ICACs) are one type of calcification that may be detected as incidental findings in cone\u2010beam computed tomography (CBCT). This retrospective study aimed to examine the prevalence of ICACs on CBCT images and their associations among age, gender, chronic periodontitis, and patient\u2010reported cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 303 CBCT scans were reviewed and a total of 208 patients met the inclusion criteria. The presence or absence of ICACs was evaluated in the ophthalmic and cavernous segments of each scan. Patient demographic data, including age, gender, and medical history, specifically focused on CVDs were recorded. The presence or absence of periodontitis was recorded from each subject with full mouth radiographs and clinical measurements. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated as part of the logistic regression analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, ICACs were found in 93 subjects (45%). The bilateral ICACs were found in 43 subjects (21% of the total subjects, 46% of the subjects with ICACs). There were statistically significant associations between presence of ICACs and periodontitis (OR\u00a0=\u00a04.55), hypertension (OR\u00a0=\u00a03.02), hyperlipidemia (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.87), increasing age (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.24), and the male gender (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.85). Smoking status was not significantly correlated with ICACs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study revealed that nearly half (45%) of the subjects displayed ICACs on the CBCT images. ICACs are significantly related to the status of chronic periodontitis, age, gender, and CVDs. A more careful review of CBCT scans is highly recommended to detect these calcifications and refer patients for further medical evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jper.20-0607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,31]],"date-time":"2020-12-31T09:09:03Z","timestamp":1609405743000},"page":"1402-1409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Association between intracranial carotid artery calcifications and periodontitis: A cone\u2010beam computed tomography study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Abdulaziz","family":"AlSakr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Indiana University School of Dentistry  Indianapolis Indiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Blanchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Indiana University School of Dentistry  Indianapolis Indiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology, Medicine, and Radiology Indiana University School of Dentistry  Indianapolis Indiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7294-2318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thankam","family":"Thyvalikakath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Informatics Core, Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health Indiana University School of Dentistry  Indianapolis Indiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8544-8418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuke","family":"Hamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Indiana University School of Dentistry  Indianapolis Indiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.16-0517"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2018.04.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10266-006-0060-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40496-017-0121-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.11-S.2075"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.2001.6.1.183"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","volume-title":"Periodontal medicine","author":"Rose LF","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"841","article-title":"Position paper of The American Academy of Periodontology: periodontal disease as a potential risk factor for systemic diseases","volume":"69","author":"Scannapieco FA","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"14","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"S70","article-title":"The epidemiological evidence behind the association between periodontitis and incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease","volume":"40","author":"Dietrich T","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2000.71.10.1554"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.306.6879.688"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2007.06.037"},{"issue":"14","key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"S8","article-title":"Periodontal systemic associations: review of the evidence","volume":"40","author":"Linden GJ","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143291"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0097811"},{"issue":"14","key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"S30","article-title":"Progulske\u2010Fox A. Periodontal bacterial invasion and infection: contribution to atherosclerotic pathology","volume":"40","author":"Reyes L","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"14","key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","first-page":"S51","article-title":"Inflammatory mechanisms linking periodontal diseases to cardiovascular diseases","volume":"40","author":"Schenkein HA","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1998.tb02419.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2006.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2009.762"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2012.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20140432"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1301"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.1999.4.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2016.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2016.12.3.253"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.6223"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13189"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000155734.34652.6c"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-11-67"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1992.tb00654.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aodf.2010.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0b013e3181f7d043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(98)90409-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.648667"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1681088"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","first-page":"263","article-title":"Intracranial calcifications on CT","volume":"16","author":"K\u0131ro\u011flu Y","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Radiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/JPER.20-0607","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/JPER.20-0607","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/JPER.20-0607","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T11:48:05Z","timestamp":1760874485000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/JPER.20-0607"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/JPER.20-0607"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jper.20-0607","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3492","1943-3670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3492","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3670","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-08-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-11-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-01-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}