{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T19:21:41Z","timestamp":1792351301991,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]],"date-time":"2021-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram\u2010negative bacilli (GNB) isolated from subgingival biofilm of individuals with different periodontal conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subgingival biofilm was obtained from 362 individuals with periodontal health (PH) (n\u00a0=\u00a083), gingivitis (n\u00a0=\u00a074), and periodontitis (n\u00a0=\u00a0205), cultivated in broth and selective media. Isolated strains were identified by mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute disk diffusion guidelines. Production of extended\u2010spectrum beta\u2010lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemases were evaluated by double disk synergy test and spectrophotometric detection of imipenem hydrolysis, respectively. ESBL and carbapenemase encoding genes were surveyed by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Differences among groups were examined by Chi\u2010square, Kruskal\u2012Wallis or Mann\u2010Whitney tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>GNB were isolated from 36.2% of all subgingival biofilm samples, with a significantly greater prevalence and species diversity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) in patients with periodontitis (45.9%) compared with individuals with PH (24.1%) and gingivitis (22.9%). <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> (27.5%), <jats:italic>Enterobacter cloacae<\/jats:italic> (16.8%), and <jats:italic>Enterobacter asburiae<\/jats:italic> (10.7%) were the most predominant species. Resistance\/reduced sensitivity to at least 1 antimicrobial was detected in 60% of the strains, but only 4.6% were multidrug resistant. <jats:italic>Serratia marcescens<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>E. cloacae<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Enterobacter kobei<\/jats:italic> presented high rates of intrinsic resistance (&gt;40%) to amoxicillin\u2010clavulanate and first\/second\u2010generations of cephalosporins. One strain of <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> isolated from periodontitis was resistant to imipenem, but no ESBL encoding genes or ESBL phenotype was detected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>High prevalence and diversity of GNB, with low susceptibility to \u03b2\u2010lactams are observed in the subgingival microbiota associated with periodontitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jper.20-0829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T02:16:13Z","timestamp":1620353773000},"page":"69-79","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram\u2010negative bacilli in subgingival biofilm associated with periodontal diseases"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"La\u00eds Christina Pontes","family":"Esp\u00edndola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Department of Clinics Federal University of Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"},{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology Federal University of Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata Cristina","family":"Pic\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology Federal University of Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stella Maria Casas Novas","family":"Man\u00e7ano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology Federal University of Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"Martins do Souto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology Federal University of Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2061-1840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula Vieira","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Department of Clinics Federal University of Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"},{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology Federal University of Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.1997.tb00199.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-1014.2012.00663.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2005.00113.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2005.00107.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.11-S.2075"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0757.2000.2230111.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272427"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-50-11-940"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-49-4-367"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-005-0315-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2007.060129"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2011.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12935"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque","volume":"25","author":"Ainamo J","year":"1975","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Gingival sulcus bleeding\u2014A leading symptom in initial gingivitis","volume":"15","author":"M\u00fchlemann HR","year":"1971","journal-title":"Helv Odontol Acta"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"30","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/10.4.867"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33883-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01963-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116210"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.1997.tb00377.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"Presence and antimicrobial profile of Gram\u2010negative facultative anaerobe rods in patients with chronic periodontitis and gingivitis","volume":"26","author":"Gamboa F","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Latino Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-124X.94607"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-302x.2001.016005306.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2007.02111.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1994.tb01096.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/21505594.2014.967608"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12302"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-83822014000200017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2015.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.1990.tb00413.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1996.tb00546.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1994.65.11.1046"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jisp.jisp_204_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jicd.12387"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.2003.8.1.54"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123622"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2011.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-77572010000600004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652015000200004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/jom.v6.24026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2014.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.7.3018-3020.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.3.563"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00130-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/idj.12146"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/2047773215Y.0000000030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00473-0"}],"container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/JPER.20-0829","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/JPER.20-0829","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/JPER.20-0829","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T12:31:59Z","timestamp":1760877119000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/JPER.20-0829"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/JPER.20-0829"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jper.20-0829","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3492","1943-3670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3492","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3670","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-11-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-04-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}