{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T23:07:34Z","timestamp":1775776054485,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]],"date-time":"2022-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), total cure of immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV\u20101) infection remains elusive. Chronic periodontitis (CP) is strongly associated with HIV\u20101 infection. This condition is characterized by an intense inflammatory infiltrate mainly constituted of immune cells which in turn may be a valuable source of HIV\u20101 reactivation. This study aimed to determine if gingival tissue could act as a reservoir for HIV\u20101.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twelve patients with HIV\u20101 and CP and 12 controls (no HIV\u20101\u2010infection and no CP) were evaluated in a cross\u2010sectional study. RNA viral load and interleukin (IL) levels were determined in blood plasma and saliva. Histological sections of gingival tissue were stained with fluorescent antibodies against p24 antigen and different cellular biomarkers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In six of the 12 patients, HIV RNA load was detected, despite cART; in three of them, expression of viral RNA was also detected in saliva. The levels of IL\u20102, IL\u20106, and IL\u201012 were higher in blood and saliva of patients with HIVand CP than controls. HIV\u20101 p24 antigen was detected by immunostaining in gingival biopsies of 10 of the 12 patients but in no controls. Immune markers for T cells and antigen\u2010presenting cells were also identified in most patients and some controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These preliminary data showing the detection of HIV\u20101 p24 antigen in the gingival biopsies of a significant part of patients with HIV\u20101 and CP under cART together with the presence of immune cells, plead for the existence of a HIV\u20101 reservoir in the gingival tissue of this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jper.21-0345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T01:50:42Z","timestamp":1629078642000},"page":"613-620","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Gingival tissue as a reservoir for human immunodeficiency virus type 1: Preliminary results of a cross\u2010sectional observational 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