{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T22:06:11Z","timestamp":1790633171490,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]],"date-time":"2022-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study assesses the association between peri\u2010implantitis and cardiovascular diseases (CVD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and twenty\u2010eight patients with dental implants were recruited to evaluate the prevalence of peri\u2010implantitis in patients with or without CVD (CVD group, n\u00a0=\u00a082, control group, n\u00a0=\u00a046, respectively). Diagnosis of peri\u2010implantitis followed the 2017 World Workshop guidelines and the severity was defined as mild, moderate, and severe form when the radiographic bone loss (RBL) was\u00a0&lt;2, 2 to 4, and\u00a0&gt;4\u00a0mm. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to test the association between two diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A trend of higher prevalence of peri\u2010implantitis defined by detectable RBL beyond the physiologic bone remodeling was found in the CVD group (64.6%) when compared with the controls (56.5%). A significant higher prevalence (48.8%) of moderate to severe peri\u2010implantitis was identified in CVD compared with controls(30.4%) with a significant crude association between moderate to severe peri\u2010implantitis and CVD (odds ratio\u00a0=\u00a02.18, 95% CI, 1.02 to 4.67; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.04). The CVD group had a trend of higher prevalence of deep pockets (\u22657\u00a0mm) and higher numbers of sites with bleeding on probing \u00a0(&gt;66%) when compared with controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt; 0.05). However, after controlling for multiple confounders including age, hypertension, smoking, family history of heart attack, and periodontitis, the significant association was not found.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>CVD group had significantly higher prevalence of moderate to severe peri\u2010implantitis (RBL \u22652\u00a0mm). The association between the two diseases did not exist after controlling multiple confounders for CVD. Future studies with a larger sample size controlling for the patient\u2010 and implant\u2010related confounders are needed to better understand the link between peri\u2010implantitis and CVD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jper.21-0418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T13:10:43Z","timestamp":1635772243000},"page":"633-643","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Association between peri\u2010implantitis and cardiovascular diseases: A case\u2010control study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9636-2038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I\u2010Ching","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics &amp; Oral Medicine University of Michigan School of Dentistry  Ann Arbor MI"},{"name":"Currently, Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry University of Iowa  Iowa City IA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5130-2899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics &amp; Oral Medicine University of Michigan School of Dentistry  Ann Arbor MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffery","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics &amp; Oral Medicine University of Michigan School of Dentistry  Ann Arbor MI"},{"name":"Research and Data Institute at Delta Dental of Michigan  Okemos MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7102-9746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William V.","family":"Giannobile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics &amp; Oral Medicine University of Michigan School of Dentistry  Ann Arbor MI"},{"name":"Currently, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity Harvard School of Dental Medicine  Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2158-9155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7073-7855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. 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