{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T14:28:54Z","timestamp":1788791334308,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study aimed to evaluate salivary concentrations of macrophage activation\u2010related chemokines and mitogen\u2010activated kinase kinase (MAPKK)\u2010degrading proteolytic activity in children and adolescents with and without type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 122 children and adolescents (65 T1DM patients, 50.8% female, mean age:10.9 years; 57 systemically healthy controls, 36.8% female, mean age: 9.5 years) were included in the study. Salivary concentrations of interferon gamma inducible protein\u201010 (IP\u201010), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)\u20101, MCP\u20102, MCP\u20103, MCP\u20104, macrophage\u2010derived chemokine (MDC), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), monokine induced by interferon gamma (MIG), and macrophage inflammatory protein\u20101 alpha (MIP\u20101\u03b1) were quantified using a bead\u2010based technique. MAPKK\u2010degrading proteolytic activity was detected using fluorescent peptide substrates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The T1DM group had higher plaque index (PI%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.032) and bleeding on probing (BOP%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.045) scores, and lower decayed, missing, filled teeth (dmft\/DMFT, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002) index scores compared to the healthy controls. Compared to the controls, salivary MCP\u20101 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.007), MCP\u20103 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), MIG (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.007), and MIP\u20101\u03b1 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.033) concentrations were elevated whereas MCP\u20104 concentrations decreased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) in the T1DM group. After adjusting for age, PI%, BOP%, and dmft\/DMFT scores, significant differences in salivary concentrations of MIG (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.033) and MIP\u20101\u03b1 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.017) were observed between the groups. Moreover, protease activities directed to the cleavage sites of MEK23\u201018 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001), MKK6b7\u201022 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.007), MKK451\u201066 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.005), MKK7b37\u201052 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.034), and MKK7b69\u201084 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.009) were elevated in the T1DM group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>T1DM disrupts the salivary macrophage activation\u2010related chemokine profile and dysregulates proteolytic MAPKK cleavage. These findings can be an outcome of the impaired systemic immune response in T1DM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jper.22-0314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T04:38:43Z","timestamp":1672893523000},"page":"896-904","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Salivary macrophage activation\u2010related chemokines and mitogen\u2010activated kinase kinase\u2010degrading proteolytic activity in type 1 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7939-9525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neslihan","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Institute of Dentistry University of Turku  Turku Finland"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry Sakarya University  Sakarya 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