{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T08:04:30Z","timestamp":1790841870137,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]],"date-time":"2023-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parkinson's disease (PA) affects 1% of the global population above 60 years. PA pathogenesis involves severe neuroinflammation that impacts systemic and local inflammatory changes. We tested the hypothesis that PA is associated with periodontal tissue inflammation promoting a greater systemic inflammatory burden.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We recruited 60 patients with Stage III, Grade B periodontitis (P) with and without PA (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a020 for each). We also included systemically and periodontally healthy individuals as controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a020). Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded. Serum, saliva, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected to measure the inflammatory and neurodegenerative targets (YKL\u201040, fractalkine, S100B, alpha\u2010synuclein, tau, vascular cell adhesion protein\u20101 (VCAM\u20101), brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurofilament light chain (NfL).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parkinson's patients in this study had mild to moderate motor dysfunctions, which did not prevent them from performing optimal oral hygiene control. Periodontal parameters and GCF volume were significantly higher in the P and P+PA groups than in the control group. PA was associated with significantly increased bleeding on probing (BOP) compared to P\u2010alone (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), while other clinical parameters were similar between P and P+PA groups. In saliva and serum, YKL\u201040 levels were higher in the P+PA group than in P and C groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). GCF NfL levels from shallow sites were significantly higher in the P+PA group compared to the C group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0462). GCF S100B levels from deep sites were higher in the P+PA group than in healthy individuals (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0194).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The data suggested that PA is highly associated with increased periodontal inflammatory burden\u2014bleeding upon probing and inflammatory markers\u2014in parallel with PA\u2010related neuroinflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jper.23-0274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]],"date-time":"2023-07-11T16:37:54Z","timestamp":1689093474000},"page":"1425-1435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Parkinson's disease is positively associated with periodontal inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3435-1856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melis","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Forsyth Institute Cambridge Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Medipol University, Faculty of Dentistry Department of Periodontology Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekin","family":"Yay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Forsyth Institute Cambridge Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Medipol University, Faculty of Dentistry Department of Periodontology Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7986-7085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nur","family":"Balci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medipol University, Faculty of Dentistry Department of Periodontology Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilal","family":"Toygar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medipol University, Faculty of Dentistry Department of Periodontology Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basak Bolluk","family":"K\u0131l\u0131c","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine Department of Neurology Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Zirh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine Department of Neurology Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla Alvarez","family":"Rivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Forsyth Institute Cambridge Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard School of Dental Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alpdogan","family":"Kantarci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Forsyth Institute Cambridge Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard School of Dental Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61393-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9071687"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.577089"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151156"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-017-3088-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26578"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003680"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28206"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws250"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1482-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-8-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-009-9458-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.17-0721"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0757.2000.2230103.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2020.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13167-010-0016-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2009.097001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345211037220"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2004.01.004"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","first-page":"434","article-title":"Parkinson's disease and periodontitis \u2013 the missing link? 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