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Micro\u2010computed tomography (micro\u2010CT), histological analysis, and quantitative real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction (qRT\u2010PCR) were performed. The expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines were examined in mouse bone marrow derived macrophages and human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPDLFs) after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>LIF deficiency promoted alveolar bone loss, inflammatory cells infiltration, osteoclasts formation and collagen fiber degradation in ligature\u2010induced mouse, along with higher expressions of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin\u20106 (IL6), IL\u20101\u03b2 (IL1B), tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNFA), matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13), and <jats:italic>RANKL\/OPG<\/jats:italic> ratio. Additionally, LIF deletion led to higher expression levels of these proinflammatory cytokines in mouse bone marrow\u2010derived macrophages from both femur and alveolar bone and HPDLFs when treated with LPS. Administration of recombined LIF attenuated <jats:italic>TNFA, IL1B<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>RANKL\/OPG<\/jats:italic> ratio in HPDLFs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings indicate that LIF deficiency promotes the progress of periodontitis via modulating immuno\u2010inflammatory responses of macrophages and periodontal ligament fibroblasts, and the application of LIF may be an adjunctive treatment for periodontitis to resolute inflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jper.23-0607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]],"date-time":"2024-03-16T02:30:56Z","timestamp":1710556256000},"page":"1073-1085","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Leukemia inhibitory factor protects against experimental periodontitis through immuno\u2010modulations of both macrophages and periodontal ligament 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