{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T02:02:39Z","timestamp":1790388159066,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,30]],"date-time":"2024-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Periodontal diseases are associated with dysbiosis in the oral microbial communities. Managing oral biofilms is therefore key for preventing these diseases. Management protocols often include over\u2010the\u2010counter antimicrobial mouth rinses, which lack data on their effects on the oral microbiome's ecology, bacterial composition, metabolic activity, and dysbiosis resilience. This study examined the efficacy of antimicrobial mouth rinses to halt dysbiosis in in vitro oral biofilms under periodontitis\u2010simulating conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multispecies oral biofilms were grown on hydroxyapatite discs (HADs) and rinsed daily with one of six mouth rinses. Positive and negative controls were included. After three rinses, biofilms were analyzed with viability quantitative polymerase chain reaction and visualized using scanning electron microscopy. Supernatants of rinsed biofilms were used for metabolic activity analysis. In addition, human oral keratinocytes were exposed to rinsed biofilms to assess their inflammatory response. All outputs were analyzed for correlation using Spearman coefficient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Product\u2010related changes were observed in the rinsed biofilms. Three of the six tested mouth rinses could significantly prevent dysbiosis with \u226530% reduction in pathobiont abundance relative to the control. These biofilms had lower metabolic activity, and the exposed human oral keratinocyte produced less interleukin\u20108. Interleukin\u20108 production correlated to both pathobiont quantity and the metabolic activity of the biofilms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Some mouth rinses could support biofilm resilience and stop dysbiosis evolution in the biofilm model, with a clear product\u2010related effect. Such mouth rinses can be considered for patients under maintenance\/supportive periodontal therapy to prevent\/delay disease recurrence. Others are more useful for different periodontal therapy stages.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jper.23-0674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T01:03:41Z","timestamp":1719795821000},"page":"880-891","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["How well do antimicrobial mouth rinses prevent dysbiosis in an in vitro periodontitis biofilm model?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7773-8199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naiera","family":"Zayed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health Sciences Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven)  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET) Ghent University (UGent)  Gent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rik","family":"Vertommen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health Sciences Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven)  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Simoens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical and Biochemical Reactor Engineering and Safety Department of Chemical Engineering Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven)  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristel","family":"Bernaerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical and Biochemical Reactor Engineering and Safety Department of Chemical Engineering Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven)  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nico","family":"Boon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET) Ghent University (UGent)  Gent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mrinal Gaurav","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Engineering (MTM) Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven)  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annabel","family":"Braem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Engineering (MTM) Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven)  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4735-9104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wannes","family":"Van Holm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health Sciences Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven)  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET) Ghent University (UGent)  Gent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana B.","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health Sciences Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven)  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"Teughels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health Sciences Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven)  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000750"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12365"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/dj6020010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081581"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2009.090397"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00511"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12331"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89002-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2015.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0162-0134(98)10092-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2014.00095"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000049114"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016350802310947"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2000.00969.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"259","article-title":"Mouthrinses as adjuncts for plaque and gingivitis management. 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