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Anthropometric and biochemical variables were determined, along with periodontal parameters (probing pocket depth [PPD], clinical attachment level [CAL], bleeding on probing [BOP], plaque index, calculus index, and tooth loss), systemic and neutrophil inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF\u03b1], C\u2010reactive protein [CRP], and c\u2010Jun N\u2010terminal kinase [JNK]), systemic oxidative stress mediators (myeloperoxidase [MPO] and glutathione), soluble cellular adhesion molecules, and neutrophil\u2013endothelium cell interactions (rolling flux, velocity, and adhesion).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 104 women recruited, 68 had PCOS, 24 of whom presented gingivitis, and 36 were controls. PCOS patients presented altered sexual hormone, lipid, and carbohydrate profiles. Levels of systemic inflammatory markers, MPO, and soluble platelet selectin (sP\u2010selectin) were higher, and glutathione levels were lower in PCOS patients. BOP, plaque, and calculus index values were higher in PCOS patients with gingivitis. Neutrophils from PCOS patients showed increased JNK and decreased adhesion under flow conditions, with reduced rolling velocity and increased rolling flux and cellular adhesion, all of which were more pronounced in those with gingivitis. BOP was independently associated with rolling velocity, rolling flux, and cellular adhesion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neutrophils of PCOS patients with gingivitis exhibit hyperactivity, promoting interaction with the endothelium and potentially contributing to atherosclerotic disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Plain Language Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Currently, there is a high prevalence of diseases that affect tooth\u2010supporting tissues (periodontal diseases) and negatively influence the oral health and quality of life of the adult population. These pathologies lead to movement of the teeth and impairment of chewing function, eventually resulting in the loss of teeth. In recent years, the concept of periodontal medicine has arisen and consists of studying how periodontal diseases can influence our general inflammatory system and how systemic inflammatory pathologies can affect our oral health. In the present study, we evaluate a group of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a condition characterized by alterations of sex hormones and lipid profile and weight gain (body mass index). Our results show a high prevalence of gum inflammation among women with PCOS, which affects the interaction of their leukocytes and endothelial cells. The leukocytes of these women are hyper\u2010responsive, presenting greater endothelial adhesion, lower flow velocity and enhanced rolling compared to those in a PCOS group without gum inflammation or controls. This study has generated a new line of research to analyze how neutrophils from patients with gingivitis exhibit hyperactivity, which promotes their interaction with the endothelium, thus contributing to the development of atherosclerotic disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jper.24-0148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T05:48:40Z","timestamp":1728971320000},"page":"478-489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Gingival inflammation and leukocyte\u2013endothelium cell interactions in women with polycystic ovary syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Cecilia Fabiana","family":"M\u00e1rquez\u2010Arrico","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology University of Valencia Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco 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