{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T17:30:37Z","timestamp":1788543037936,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The pathogenesis and etiology of peri\u2010implantitis demand a deeper understanding to lead to successful treatment modalities. Animal models of peri\u2010implantitis pathogenesis offer unique insights but their translational impact requires consideration of implant biomaterials science. This systematic review, sanctioned by the International Association for Dental Research (IADR) Implantology Research Group, aimed to systematically review animal models in peri\u2010implant disease research. Experts deliberated on merits, limitations, and optimization of various models to guide researchers in selecting suitable platforms for investigations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A pre\u2010registered review (ID: CRD42023399976) was performed guided by the PICO question: Population (P): Laboratory animals with dental implants or surrogate biomaterials placed in the oral cavity; Intervention (I): Induction of peri\u2010implant inflammation; Control (C): Animals without induced inflammation or those subjected to a placebo treatment only; Outcome (O): Parameters including bone loss, histopathology of peri\u2010implant tissues, tissue inflammatory response, and microbiological outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Searches identified 158 articles, with 96 meeting inclusion criteria following a 2\u2010step systematic review (inter\u2010reviewer agreement: kappa = 0.72; 0.68, respectively for each phase).\u00a0Most studies were on large animal models, mainly dogs (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 66); the majority employed ligature\u2010induced peri\u2010implant defect models. These models often reported delayed implant placement after teeth extraction followed by active breakdown via ligatures of various types, and a chronicity progression period without the ligatures to assimilate chronic inflammatory lesions. Primate studies (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 6) were published from the late 1990s to early 2000s. Murine models in mice (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 16) focused on disease establishment and biomolecular aspects, while rat models (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 6) addressed diabetes, xerostomia, and inflammation suppression. Murine models invariably required custom implant devices due to volume limitations, which often did not have implant surface modifications limiting their translational potential. Mini\u2010pig models (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 2) delved into microbiological shifts and the impact of soft tissue management on peri\u2010implant infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Comprehensive overview of animal models in peri\u2010implant disease research offered insights into their strengths, challenges, and findings. The ongoing shift toward non\u2010animal alternatives and future horizons in peri\u2010implantitis research is highlighted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Plain Language Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This commissioned systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of animal models in peri\u2010implant disease research, offering insights into their strengths, challenges, and findings. Further, this article summarizes the consensus proceedings of the IADR IRG Peri\u2010Implantitis Best Evidence Consensus and provides guidance for future use of animals in peri\u2010implantitis research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jper.24-0423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T08:41:57Z","timestamp":1768380117000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Peri\u2010implant disease pathogenesis animal models: Consensus report of Workgroup 1 of the IADR Implantology Research Group Best Evidence Consensus Symposium on Peri\u2010Implant Disease and Its Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8635-9422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Kotsakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers School of Dental Medicine Newark New Jersey 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