{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T18:10:18Z","timestamp":1781115018080,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003559","name":"Ministry of National Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MND\u2010MAB\u2010D\u2010111120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MND\u2010MAB\u2010D\u2010111120"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003559","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010425","name":"Tri-Service General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TSGH\u2010D\u2010113065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TSGH\u2010D\u2010113065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010425","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DNA methylation may influence cytokine expression and clinical manifestations of periodontitis. This study assessed the interleukin (IL)\u20106 DNA methylation in gingivae with and without clinical inflammation and its impact on clinical manifestations and cytokine expression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty\u2010two gingival biopsies (17 from controls and 45 from periodontitis sites) were analyzed. IL\u20106 protein concentrations were measured using an enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay, and methylation of the IL\u20106 promoter was analyzed by bisulfite sequencing. At 19 motifs spanning from 1200 to 27\u00a0base pairs (bp), the methylation rates for each motif and the overall promoter region were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      IL\u20106 concentrations were significantly higher in the periodontitis group than in the control group (135.69\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010.24 vs. 65.17\u00a0\u00b1\u00a029.18\u00a0pg\/mL) and were positively correlated with probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.59 and 0.48, respectively). The overall methylation rate was significantly lower in the disease group (43.97%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.54% vs. 39.54%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.66%) and negatively correlated with PD, CAL, and IL\u20106 concentrations. Similar trends were also observed for the \u221274\u2010bp motif: The methylation rate was lower in the periodontitis group than in the control group (8.9% vs. 41.2%, with a relative risk of 0.216), and gingivae with methylation at \u221274\u2010bp exhibited lower PD and CALs but higher overall methylation rates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DNA hypomethylation of the IL\u20106 promoter region, particularly the \u221274\u2010bp motif, was linked to increased cytokine expression and periodontal clinical signs, suggesting its role in disease progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Plain language summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examined how changes in the interleukin (IL)\u20106 gene\u2014specifically through a process called DNA methylation\u2014are linked to gum disease (periodontitis) and its symptoms. Sixty\u2010two gum tissue samples were collected: 17 from individuals without gum disease and 45 from those with it. The gum tissues from people with periodontitis showed higher levels of the IL\u20106 protein, which were associated with more severe gum damage, such as deeper pockets around the teeth and greater loss of attachment. The researchers also found that a part of the IL\u20106 gene was less methylated in people with gum disease\u2014a change that can lead to increased gene activity. This was especially evident at a specific site in the gene, 74 base pairs from the start. Lower methylation at this site was linked to higher IL\u20106 levels and more severe symptoms. Overall, the findings suggest that reduced methylation of the IL\u20106 gene may contribute to the progression of gum disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jper.24-0698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T08:19:30Z","timestamp":1745914770000},"page":"1271-1280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Hypomethylation of the interleukin\u20106 promoter in gingival tissue of patients with periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Cheng\u2010Yang","family":"Chiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dental Sciences National Defense Medical Center  Taipei Taiwan ROC"},{"name":"Periodontics Division Department of Dentistry Tri\u2010Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center  Taipei Taiwan ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng\u2010Chieh","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dental Sciences National Defense Medical Center  Taipei Taiwan ROC"},{"name":"Periodontics Division Department of Dentistry Tri\u2010Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center  Taipei Taiwan ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying\u2010Wu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dental Sciences National Defense Medical Center  Taipei Taiwan ROC"},{"name":"Periodontics Division Department of Dentistry Tri\u2010Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center  Taipei Taiwan ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0637-0208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Earl","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontics Division Department of Dentistry Tri\u2010Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center  Taipei Taiwan ROC"},{"name":"Department of Dentistry Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Xindian  New Taipei City Taiwan 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