{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:14:49Z","timestamp":1790802889740,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757980800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Accurate periodontal disease diagnosis is essential for optimal treatment planning and patient care. However, variability in applying the 2017 Periodontal Classification may affect diagnostic reliability and treatment outcomes. This study investigated diagnostic accuracy and consistency among periodontists, periodontal residents, and dental interns in Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty\u2010four participants, including 13 periodontists, 14 periodontal residents, and 17 dental interns, independently classified 25 periodontitis cases. Agreement with a gold\u2010standard diagnosis, established by expert periodontists using the 2017 Classification System, was assessed using descriptive statistics. Chi\u2010square tests with Bonferroni\u2010adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010tests were used to compare agreement levels between rater groups. Inter\u2010rater reliability was calculated using Fleiss\u2019 kappa, while Cohen's kappa was used to assess intra\u2010rater reliability.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Periodontists demonstrated the highest agreement with the gold standard (92.0%) for periodontitis diagnosis. Staging agreement was highest among residents (51.7%) and periodontists (49.1%). Grading accuracy was highest for grade C cases across all groups (60.7%). Underestimation was common across rater groups, with interns exhibiting the highest rates in staging (49.6%) and grading (58.3%). The second assessment demonstrated improved diagnostic accuracy across all groups. Inter\u2010rater reliability ranged from fair to moderate across rater groups (\u03ba\u00a0=\u00a00.22\u20130.60). Intra\u2010rater reliability was highest among interns, indicating substantial agreement (\u03ba\u00a0=\u00a00.63\u20130.75).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings highlight considerable variability in the application of the 2017 Periodontal Classification among dental professionals, underscoring the role of clinical experience and training in influencing diagnostic accuracy. Structured calibration and targeted educational strategies are essential to improve diagnostic consistency, minimize misclassification, and support optimal patient care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Plain Language Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Understanding gum disease correctly is important for providing patients with the right treatments. This study looked at how accurately different groups of dental professionals \u2013 specialists in gum disease (periodontists), dentists in training (residents), and recent dental graduates (interns) \u2013 could diagnose cases of periodontitis using a new system called the 2017 Periodontal Classification. A group of expert periodontists created a \u201cgold\u2010standard\u201d diagnosis for comparison. We found that periodontists were the most accurate, while interns had more difficulty correctly identifying disease severity. Across all groups, many participants underestimated how serious the cases were. Participants were better at recognizing advanced disease compared to milder forms. When the participants repeated the diagnosis of the cases later, their accuracy improved, suggesting that practice and training help. Our results show that diagnosing gum disease can vary depending on experience and training. The study highlights the need for ongoing education and practice to make sure that all dental professionals can diagnose gum disease reliably, which is important for making treatment decisions and improving patient care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jper.70011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T09:16:24Z","timestamp":1758014184000},"page":"580-590","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evaluating diagnostic accuracy and consistency in applying the 2017 periodontal classification among dental professionals"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Arwa","family":"Badahdah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry King Abdulaziz University  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arwa","family":"Banjar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry King Abdulaziz University  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amal","family":"Jamjoom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry King Abdulaziz University  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Assaggaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry King Abdulaziz University  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Bahanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry King Abdulaziz University  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reem A.","family":"Asiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry King Abdulaziz University  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reem","family":"Alsulami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry King Abdulaziz University  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shatha","family":"Bamashmous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry King Abdulaziz University  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian L.","family":"Mealey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio  San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.38"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2013.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8081135"},{"issue":"20","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"S1","article-title":"A new classification scheme for periodontal and peri\u2010implant diseases and conditions\u2014Introduction and key changes from the 1999 classification","volume":"45","author":"Caton JG","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12946"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.18-0006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.19-0557"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13286"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.20-0825"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13406"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-020-01371-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13618"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.13037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.2013.77.8.tb05571.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21815\/JDE.018.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.12740"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2010.100278"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.17-0556"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","first-page":"397","article-title":"The smile esthetic index (SEI): a method to measure the esthetics of the smile. 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