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Freeze\u2010dried bone allograft (FDBA) is widely used for alveolar ridge preservation but has limitations in resorption rate and healing time. In this proof\u2010of\u2010concept study, we tested whether pro\u2010mineralization enzyme, tissue\u2010nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) enhances bone healing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seven\u2010week\u2010old mice (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a04\u20106\/group; equal numbers of males and females) underwent maxillary molar extraction and standardized alveolar defect creation. Mice were assigned to sham, FDBA with saline (BGS) or FDBA with mineral\u2010targeted TNAP\u2010Fc\u2010D\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      (BGT). Healing was assessed using microcomputed tomography (micro\u2010CT), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, histology, and immunohistochemistry, between 14\u2010 and 60\u2010days post\u2010procedure (dpp). Intergroup comparisons were analyzed by one\u2010way ANOVA and post\u2010hoc Tukey test (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1\u00a0=\u00a00.05)<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At 14 dpp, the BGT group demonstrated significantly greater bone volume fraction (BV\/TV) and bone mineral density (BMD) compared with BGS (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) and sham groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Alveolar bone volume was greater than sham (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Alveolar bone dimension (height and width) was significantly more stable in the BGT group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Although BV\/TV at 60 dpp showed no significant differences, BGT maintained higher BMD and alveolar bone width stability (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01). Histological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed increased new bone formation and greater bone marker expression in the short\u2010term BGT group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). No changes in serum ALP levels were detected.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      TNAP\u2010Fc\u2010D\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      with FDBA significantly enhances early alveolar bone healing and dimensional stability. While long\u2010term volumetric gains were not observed, sustained improvements in mineral density and ridge preservation support TNAP as a promising biologic for alveolar ridge preservation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Plain language summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      When people lose teeth, keeping enough bone in the jaw is critical for future treatments like dental implants. A common material used to rebuild bone is called freeze\u2010dried bone allograft (FDBA), but it does not always heal quickly or completely. In this study, we tested whether adding a special enzyme called TNAP, which helps build bones naturally, could make FDBA work better. After extracting teeth and creating bone defects in mice, we compared healing between three groups: control (sham), FDBA + saline, and FDBA + engineered TNAP\u2010Fc\u2010D\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      . After 2 weeks, the group that received FDBA+TNAP\u2010Fc\u2010D\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      showed more new bone formation and better preservation of the size of the jawbone. Even after 2 months, their bone remained denser and more stable compared with the other groups. Importantly, we found no signs of unwanted side effects in the blood. These results suggest that adding TNAP\u2010Fc\u2010D\n                      <jats:sub>10\u00a0<\/jats:sub>\n                      could make bone grafts more effective early on, helping preserve jaw structure better over time. More research is needed to fine\u2010tune the treatment and see how well it works in humans.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jper.70061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T10:31:59Z","timestamp":1769423519000},"page":"1071-1085","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mineral\u2010targeted alkaline phosphatase improves bone graft\u2010mediated alveolar bone defect healing in mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7683-0707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kedith","family":"Sawangsri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry College of Dentistry The Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio 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