{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T03:17:27Z","timestamp":1783653447476,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005694","name":"Hori Sciences and Arts Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005694","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transplantation therapy combining scaffolds and cells can be used for extensive bone regeneration (e.g., to manage severe alveolar bone defects). Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) may be a suitable scaffold for cell transplantation. We developed a novel GelMA that polymerizes under visible light, using riboflavin as a photoinitiator (GelMA\u2010RF). Here we investigated the efficacy of bone\u2010regenerative therapy combining GelMA\u2010RF and immature osteoblasts in rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Rat alveolar bone immature osteoblasts (RAOBs) from 70\u2010week\u2010old rats were encapsulated in GelMA\u2010RF (aged RAOBs\u00a0+\u00a0GelMA\u2010RF) and transplanted into palatal (control, RAOBs alone, and RAOBs\u00a0+\u00a0GelMA\u2010RF groups;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a08, respectively) or femoral (control, GelMA\u2010RF alone, RAOBs alone, and RAOBs\u00a0+\u00a0GelMA\u2010RF groups;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a08, respectively) bone defects. Macroscopic assessment, micro\u2010computed tomography, and histological analyses were performed, and mineralization (aged and young RAOBs with or without osteogenic differentiation (OD) groups;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a08, respectively) and the calcium\/phosphorus ratio (aged and young RAOBs in OD+ or OD\u2212 groups;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a08, respectively) for RAOBs under 3D\u2010culture conditions were evaluated. Bone differentiation\u2010related gene expression (aged and young RAOBs in OD+ or OD\u2212 groups;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a08, respectively) was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transplantation of RAOBs encapsulated in GelMA\u2010RF into palatal or femoral defects resulted in significantly earlier bone\u2010like tissue formation compared with controls. RAOBs showed sufficient mineralization in a 3D\u2010culture environment. Bone differentiation\u2010related gene expression was significantly increased in 3D cultures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Taken together, GelMA\u2010RF, particularly when combined with RAOBs, provides a supportive scaffold for bone differentiation and may represent a novel bone\u2010regeneration therapy for complex\/extensive bone defects, even when combined with immature alveolar\u2010bone osteoblasts from aged rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Plain language summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Regenerative medicine combining scaffold materials and cell transplantation shows promise for widespread bone regeneration. This study focused on gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) as a scaffold material. We developed GelMA (GelMA\u2010RF) that gelated under visible light, avoiding the disadvantage of UV irradiation in conventional methods, and used it as a scaffold for cell transplantation. Furthermore, considering the increasing need for regenerative medicine in elderly patients, this study focused on using immature\u2010osteoblasts derived from aged individuals as transplant cells to verify the bone regenerative capacity. In this study, immature\u2010osteoblasts isolated from the alveolar bone of aged rats were encapsulated in GelMA\u2010RF and transplanted into bone defects, confirming early bone regeneration sufficiently. Furthermore, in vitro analysis confirmed bone formation\u2010related gene expression and calcification capacity, demonstrating that GelMA\u2010RF is a suitable material for bone regeneration. These findings suggest that even alveolar bone immature\u2010osteoblasts derived from aged individuals, when combined with GelMA\u2010RF, hold promise as a novel therapeutic approach for regenerating complex and extensive bone defects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jper.70090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T03:21:00Z","timestamp":1773026460000},"page":"1285-1299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bone regeneration using aged donor cells and visible light\u2010curable hydrogel: An in vitro and in vivo evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1095-3241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuiko","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology School of Dentistry Aichi Gakuin University  Nagoya 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