{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T23:09:30Z","timestamp":1789168170865,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The NOD\u2010like receptor family pyrin domain\u2010containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a protein complex that regulates IL\u20101\u03b2 activation. Despite its known role in dermal healing, its involvement in oral mucosal healing remains poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty\u2010four subjects, including 12 with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 12 normoglycemic controls (C), underwent a surgical procedure for mucogingival defect treatment in which a graft was harvested from the palate. The palatal wound was assessed for remaining wound area (RWA) and epithelialization (EPT) until 3 months. Wound exudate was collected on days 3 and 7 post\u2010operatively to analyze inflammatory biomarkers, proteinases, and growth factors. NLRP3, PYCARD, CASPASE\u20101, and interleukin\u20101beta (IL\u20101\u03b2) salivary levels were assessed preoperatively and 7 days post\u2010surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Lower EPT rates and greater RWA were observed in T2DM compared to Control on days 7 and 14 postoperatively. Higher MMP\u20109 concentration was detected in T2DM subjects on days 3 and 7 post\u2010surgery (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Salivary NLRP3 and PYCARD increased in the C group at 7 days post\u2010surgery (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 0.04), whereas IL\u20101\u03b2 was higher over time in the T2DM group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.003). At baseline, NLRP3 and PYCARD levels were higher in T2DM (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 0.005), whereas PYCARD (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01) and CASPASE\u20101 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.05) remained elevated at 7 days compared with C. A positive association between salivary NLRP3 levels with IL\u20101\u03b2 (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.46) and tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha (TNF\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.47) from wound exudate on day 7 was observed. PYCARD levels associated with IL\u20101\u03b2 (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.48) and TNF\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.50) at the same time point. Principal component analysis of inflammasome\u2010related markers and wound biomarkers on day 7 suggested a potential impact on delayed wound closure by day 14.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The NLRP3 inflammasome may be a promising biomarker for T2DM\u2010related acute palatal healing due to its early upregulation and association with proinflammatory markers, with a potential impact on delayed wound closure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jper.70149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T11:03:53Z","timestamp":1780484633000},"page":"1924-1936","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Salivary NLRP3 inflammasome as a promising biomarker for palatal mucosa healing in diabetes mellitus: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4828-3487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela Maria Viana","family":"Miguel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Oral Health Research College of Dentistry University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5685-0002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Carolina Ferreira","family":"Bonaf\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science and Technology\u2014S\u00e3o Paulo State University (Unesp)  S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2518-0135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid Fernandes","family":"Mathias\u2010Santamaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health Practice, Restorative Division College of Dentistry University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3593-5151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D. 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