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After periodontal evaluations, patients received non\u2010surgical periodontal treatment (mechanical debridement with cavitron and hand scaling as needed and 1 week of systemic amoxicillin\/metronidazole regimen with dosage modifications for patients weighing under 40\u00a0kg). GCF samples were collected from both healthy and diseased sites at baseline, and at 3\u2010, 6\u2010, and 12\u2010months post\u2010therapy, during periodontal maintenance. Levels of 14 cytokines\/chemokines were analyzed using multiplex. GCF levels between primary and permanent dentitions and among timepoints were evaluated along with clinical parameters (e.g., probing depth [PD], clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing [BoP], and plaque [PI]).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, clinical parameters were improved following treatment in both dentitions up to 12 months. Several cytokines\/chemokines were higher in the diseased sites compared with the healthy sites at baseline in both dentitions (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Following treatment, eotaxin reduced in both dentitions in diseased sites (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), while other markers were specifically reduced in the permanent (granulocyte\u2010macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factor [GM\u2010CSF], interleukin [IL]\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, IL\u20108, IL\u201012p40, tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha [TNF\u2010\u03b1]) dentition. However, some markers, such as eotaxin, IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20102, IL\u20108, IL\u201010, IL\u201012p40, MIP\u20101\u03b1 and TNF\u2010\u03b1 although reduced by 3\u2010, 6\u2010months, showed a tendency of rebound by 6 and 12 months, especially in permanent dentition. Eotaxin and MCP\u20101 were higher in diseased sites at baseline in the permanent dentition while GM\u2010CSF and interferon\u2010gamma [IFN\u2010\u03b3] in the primary one (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Several cytokines\/chemokines were correlated with clinical parameter reductions, and profile analysis showed differences between dentitions up to 6 months.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non\u2010surgical therapy combined with systemic antibiotics improved clinical (e.g., PD, CAL, and number of affected sites) outcomes with reductions in pro\u2010inflammatory cytokine\/chemokine levels in both primary and permanent dentitions of patients with C\u2010MIP in the long term, with some specific differences observed between the dentitions (NCT01330719).<\/jats:p>\n                  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