{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T06:50:29Z","timestamp":1763535029262},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,25]],"date-time":"2009-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1259107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Z. Pflanzenern\u00e4hr. Bodenk."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In order to assess the effectiveness of foliar\u2010applied potassium (K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, 1.25%) using different salts (KCl, KOH, K<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>CO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, KNO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, KH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>PO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, and K<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>SO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>) in ameliorating the inhibitory effect of salt stress on sunflower plants, a greenhouse experiment was conducted. Sodium chloride (150 mM) was applied through the rooting medium to 18 d\u2013old plants and after 1 week of salt treatment; different K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2010containing salts were applied twice in 1\u2010week interval as a foliar spray. Salt stress adversely affected the growth, yield components, gas exchange, and water relations, and also caused nutrient imbalance in sunflower plants. However, foliar\u2010applied different sources of potassium improved shoot and root fresh and shoot dry weights, achene yield, 100\u2010achene weight, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, water\u2010use efficiency, relative water content, and leaf and root K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> concentrations of sunflower plants grown under saline conditions. Under nonsaline conditions, improvement in shoot fresh weight, achene yield, 100\u2010achene weight, photosynthetic and transpiration rates, and root Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> concentration was observed due to foliar\u2010applied different K sources. Of the different salts, K<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>SO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, KH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>PO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, KNO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, and K<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>CO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> were more effective than KCl and KOH in improving growth and some key physiological processes of sunflower plants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpln.200900102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,25]],"date-time":"2009-11-25T10:42:20Z","timestamp":1259145740000},"page":"884-893","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Growth and photosynthesis of salt\u2010stressed sunflower (<i>Helianthus annuus<\/i>) plants as affected by foliar\u2010applied different potassium salts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"172","author":[{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Saeed Akram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Shahbaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nudrat","family":"Aisha Akram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1080\/00221589.1991.11516145","article-title":"Effect of increasing the salinity of the nutrient solution with major nutrients or sodium chloride on the yield quality and composition of tomato grown in rockwool.","volume":"66","author":"Adams P.","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Hort. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"913","article-title":"Foliar spray of mineral elements antagonistic to sodium \u2013 a technique to induce salt tolerance in plants growing under saline conditions.","volume":"37","author":"Ahmad R.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pak. J. Bot."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"769","article-title":"Improving growth and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) by foliar application of potassium hydroxide (KOH) under salt stress.","volume":"39","author":"Akram M. S.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pak. J. Bot."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.flora.2008.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.24.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1078\/0367-2530-00165"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4238(02)00214-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bremner J. M.(1965): Total nitrogen and inorganic form of nitrogen in Black C. A. (ed.): Method of Soil Analysis. Am. Soc. Agron. Madison Wisconsin pp. 1149\u20131237.","DOI":"10.2134\/agronmonogr9.2.c32"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/PLN-200063293"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1080\/14620316.1988.11515878","article-title":"Nitrogen fertilization under saline conditions in tomato and cucumber plants.","volume":"63","author":"Cerda A.","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Hort. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/PP9900563"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4238(98)00191-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1003685032674"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"422","article-title":"Foliar application of potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, urea and ammonium nitrate on pecan seedlings.","volume":"20","author":"Diver S. G.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Hort. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00190527"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07352680902743069"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2005.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4238(95)00797-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grattan S. R. Grieve C. M.(1999): Mineral nutrient aquisition and response of plants grown in saline environments in Pessarakli M. (ed.): Plant and Crop Stress. Marcel Dekker Press Inc. New York pp. 203\u2013229.","DOI":"10.1201\/9780824746728.ch9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jpln.200420516"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"Ikeda T. Tsutsumi T. Chiba Y.(2004): Recovery strategy of plant growth and yield following the foliar K and Ca applications on the salt\u2010stressed rice plant. (ICSC) 4th International crop science Congress. Faculty of Agriculture Niigata University Niigata pp. 950\u20132181."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","unstructured":"Jackson M. L.(1962): Soil chemical analysis. Contable Co. Ltd. London."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/PLN-100001394"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/PLN-120017664"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/anbo.1999.1022"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-9452(95)04300-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"Marschner H.(1995): Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. Academic Press London p. 889."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"Miley W. N. Oosterhuis D. M.(1994): Three\u2010year comparison of foliar feeding of cotton with five potassium sources in Herber D. J. (ed.): Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conf. San Diego C.A. Natl. Cotton Council of America Memphis TN pp. 1534\u20131536."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","unstructured":"Mullins G. L. Burmester C. H.(1995): Response of cotton to the source of foliar potassium in Richter D. A. (ed.): Response to Foliar K Appears to Depend However. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conf. San Antonio Natl. Cotton Council of America Memphis TN pp. 1313\u20131315."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Natr L. Lawlor D. W.(2005): Photosynthetic plant productivity in Pessarakli M.: Photosynthesis. C.R.C. Press New York USA pp. 501\u2013524.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420027877.sec9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9452(00)00404-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9452(00)00419-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011976727078"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2009.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcf029"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01904168509363415"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","unstructured":"Snedecor G. W. Cochran G. W.(1980): Statistical Methods. 7th edn. The Iowa State University Press Ames Iowa."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1004563102358"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1995.tb09240.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/39.5.605"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","first-page":"391","article-title":"Sodium\u2010function plant nutrition.","volume":"22","author":"Subbarao G. V.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Plant Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","unstructured":"Taiz L. Zeiger E.(1998): Plant Physiology. 2nd edn. Sinauer Associates Inc. Publ. Sunderland Massachusetts."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","first-page":"249","article-title":"Effects of potassium deficiency on the photosynthesis and respiration of leaves of sugar beet.","volume":"91","author":"Terry N.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","first-page":"201","article-title":"Uptake of mineral nutrients from foliar fertilization.","volume":"12","author":"W\u00f3jcik P.","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Fruit Ornamen. Plant Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/PP9960437"}],"container-title":["Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjpln.200900102","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjpln.200900102","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jpln.200900102","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jpln.200900102","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T13:12:34Z","timestamp":1697634754000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jpln.200900102"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,25]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jpln.200900102"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jpln.200900102","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1436-8730","1522-2624"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1436-8730","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-2624","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-08-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-11-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}