{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:56:10Z","timestamp":1790193370685,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Genetic and environmental factors influence pathogenesis and rising incidence of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD). The aim was to meta\u2010analyse evidence of diet and environmental factors in PIBD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic search was conducted to identify diet and environmental factors with comparable risk outcome measures and had been reported in two or more PIBD studies for inclusion in meta\u2010analyses. Those with \u22652 PIBD risk estimates were combined to provide pooled risk estimates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 4763 studies identified, 36 studies were included. PIBD was associated with higher risk with exposure to \u2265\/=4 antibiotic courses (includes prescriptions\/purchases\/courses), passive smoking, not being breastfed, sugary drink intake, being a non\u2010Caucasian child living in a high\u2010income country and infection history (odds ratio [OR] range: 2\u20133.8). Paediatric Crohn's disease (CD) was associated with higher risk with exposure to antibiotics during early childhood, \u2265\/=4 antibiotic courses, high socioeconomic status (SES), maternal smoking, history of atopic conditions and infection history (OR range: 1.6\u20134.4). A history of infection was also associated with higher risk of paediatric ulcerative colitis (UC) (OR: 3.73). Having a higher number of siblings (\u22652) was associated with lower risk of paediatric CD (OR: 0.6) and paediatric UC (OR: 0.7). Pet exposure was associated with lower risk of paediatric UC (OR: 0.5).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several factors associated with PIBD risk were identified that could potentially be used to develop a disease screening tool. Future research is needed to address risk reduction in PIBD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpn3.12303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T03:40:04Z","timestamp":1721274004000},"page":"610-621","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Antibiotics, passive smoking, high socioeconomic status and sweetened foods contribute to the risk of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review with meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7426-4293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nisha","family":"Thacker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing The University of Newcastle Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Food and Nutrition Research Program Hunter Medical Research Institute New Lambton Heights New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerith","family":"Duncanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food and Nutrition Research Program Hunter Medical Research Institute New Lambton Heights New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing The University of Newcastle Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health The University of Newcastle Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy D.","family":"Eslick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health The University of Newcastle Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoma","family":"Dutt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Children's Hospital Network Westmead New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Sydney Medical Program University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward V.","family":"O'Loughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Children's Hospital Network Westmead New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily C.","family":"Hoedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health The University of Newcastle Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing The University of Newcastle Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare E.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing The University of Newcastle Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Food and Nutrition Research Program Hunter Medical Research Institute New Lambton Heights New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002842"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.12.282"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21349"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.05.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jcag\/gwy054"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i3.424"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16703"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-019-03441-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.2571"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2018.1511425"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000852"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.12910"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","unstructured":"WellsG SheaB O'ConnellJ.The Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) for Assessing The Quality of Nonrandomised Studies in Meta\u2010Analyses. Ottawa Hospital Research Institute;2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13105\/wjma.v5.i4.80"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12309"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BorensteinM HedgesL HigginsJ RothsteinH.Comprehensive meta\u2010analysis version 4. Biostat;\u00a02022.https:\/\/meta-analysis.com\/pages\/faq","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119099369.ch27"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00526.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01411.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.054353"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17072409"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2260"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2017.1339826"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520801971736"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.219683"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2012.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.121467"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.298.6688.1617"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.302.6792.1580"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3886"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.56.7.551"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","first-page":"356","article-title":"Passive smoking is associated with an increased risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease in children","volume":"88","author":"Lashner BA","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20070"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/906128"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-314352"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20842"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-3624"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1047-2797(93)90066-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v17.i6.743"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","first-page":"1500","article-title":"Perinatal passive smoke exposure may be more important than childhood exposure in the risk of developing childhood IBD","volume":"54","author":"Russell RK","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.398"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.08.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001297"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","first-page":"440","article-title":"Antibiotic use in childhood and adolescence and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a case\u2010control study in the UK clinical practice research datalink","volume":"26","author":"Troelsen FS","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr400"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.07.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15160"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.01905.x"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","first-page":"1867","article-title":"The increasing prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases among Jewish adolescents and the sociodemographic factors associated with diagnosis","volume":"19","author":"Levi Z","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","first-page":"287","article-title":"Pre\u2010illness diet as risk factor in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in Saudi Arabia","volume":"23","author":"El Mouzan MI","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17082926"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2009.00553.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.00952.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(01)00066-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1870402"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100884"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-307410"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/102859"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602259"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3112"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/19490976.2014.969984"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14291"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01024-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11102266"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17269\/cjph.105.4244"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10209"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-021-04269-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41395-018-0239-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000016891"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20380"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.01438.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.5.687"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01124.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmi039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1536-4801.2006.tb01804.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.34.4.517"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jpn3.12303","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T16:17:01Z","timestamp":1727281021000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jpn3.12303"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jpn3.12303"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jpn3.12303","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-2116","1536-4801"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-2116","type":"print"},{"value":"1536-4801","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]]}}}