{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:48:55Z","timestamp":1790617735985,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the relative frequency and associated factors of disorders of gut\u2013brain interaction (DGBIs) in outpatient gastrointestinal (GI) clinics in young children of Latin America.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional study in 10 pediatric GI outpatient clinics (private and public) in five countries of Latin America (El Salvador, M\u00e9xico, Colombia, Panam\u00e1, and Nicaragua). Parents of patients 1 month 4 years of age from outpatient clinics complete\/d a diagnostic questionnaire for DGBIs per Rome IV criteria (QPGS\u2010IV, Spanish version). We conducted descriptive analysis, two\u2010sample <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests and chi\u2010square tests, univariate analyses, and logistic regression to evaluate risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We collected data from 783 children. In total, 34.5% had a DGBI. Overall, functional constipation (FC) was the most common diagnosis (23.4%) in children of all ages (infants, 16.1%, 1\u20134\u2010years\u2010old, 32.7%). In infants, the second most common DGBI was regurgitation (6.6%) and in 1\u20134\u2010years\u2010old and cyclic vomiting syndrome (4.1%). The diagnosis of a DGBI was significantly associated with a family history of DGBIs (odds ratio [OR] 2.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.61\u20135.57, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0001). Patients who identified as black (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.28\u20133.92, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0021) or mixed race (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.25\u20132.48, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0006) were also significantly associated with a higher likelihood of DGBIs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>DGBIs are a common diagnosis in pediatric GI clinics of Latin America. Overall, FC was the most common DGBI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpn3.12359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T06:56:51Z","timestamp":1725519411000},"page":"969-975","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Disorders of gut\u2013brain interaction are common diagnoses among infants and toddlers in gastroenterology practices in Latin America"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Carlos A.","family":"Velasco\u2010Ben\u00edtez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Department Universidad del Valle Cali Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maura","family":"Alvarez\u2010Baumgartner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Department University of Miami Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia J.","family":"Ortiz\u2010Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Department Universidad del Valle Cali Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6430-0905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela A.","family":"Velasco\u2010Su\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n Gastrohnup Univalle Cali Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1tima A.","family":"Reynoso Zarzosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital \u00c1ngeles Puebla, Universidad UPAEP"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana X.","family":"Espriu Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital AMERIMED Canc\u00fan  Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge A.","family":"Mac\u00edas\u2010Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Infantil de Especialidades Chihuahua Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto A.","family":"Zablah C\u00f3rdova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica de Gastroenterolog\u00eda Pedi\u00e1trica Dr. Roberto Zablah San Salvador El Salvador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo A.","family":"Chanis \u00c1guila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital del Ni\u00f1o, \u201cDr. Jos\u00e9 Ren\u00e1n Esquivel\u201d Ciudad de Panam\u00e1 Panama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milton D.","family":"Mej\u00eda Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Gastroenterolog\u00eda, Endoscopia y Nutrici\u00f3n Pedi\u00e1trica Managua Nicaragua"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunuen Rivera","family":"Suazo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Especialidades M\u00e9dicas Ciudad de M\u00e9xico Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amber N.","family":"Balda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition University of Miami Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Saps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition University of Miami Miami Florida 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