{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T09:33:21Z","timestamp":1740130401948,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The data on the usefulness of <jats:italic>DQ<\/jats:italic>\u2010typing in screening for celiac disease (CD) among type 1 diabetic (T1D) patients came from the West. We conducted this study among T1D patients to: (1) determine the frequency of <jats:italic>DQ\u2010<\/jats:italic>genotypes, (2) assess the risk associated with human leukocyte antigen (<jats:italic>HLA<\/jats:italic>)<jats:italic>\u2010DQ<\/jats:italic> genotypes, and (3) identify the cost\u2010effective screening strategy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>HLA\u2010<jats:italic>DQ<\/jats:italic> genotyping was performed on 67 T1D patients with CD (cases) (mean age 15 years) and 224 T1D patients without CD (controls) (mean age 18.29 years) (2021\u20132023). The entry criterion for the control group was duration of T1D \u22655 years and negative annual celiac serology assay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>On comparison of the cases versus controls, T1D patients carrying homozygous <jats:italic>DQ<\/jats:italic>2.5 genotype (30% vs. 13.8%) or DR3\u2010DQ2.5 haplotype (81.3% vs. 65.7%) showed significantly \u201chigher risk\u201d (odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20092.64, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002; OR\u2009=\u20092.3, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008, respectively) to develop CD. Only 4% do not harbor any of the CD\u2010at risk genotypes (<jats:italic>DQ2.5<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>DQ8<\/jats:italic>, or <jats:italic>DQ2.2<\/jats:italic>) and none developed CD. Heterozygous <jats:italic>DQ8<\/jats:italic> was associated with a significantly lower risk of developing CD with OR of 0.123 (1.5% in cases vs. 10.3% in controls, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.022).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Only 4% of Saudi patients with T1D carry <jats:italic>DQ<\/jats:italic>\u2010genotypes at no risk to develop CD, which supports the European guidelines that recommend celiac serology test as the most cost\u2010effective screening method. We identified the risk gradient associated with <jats:italic>DQ<\/jats:italic>\u2010genotypes to develop CD in our population which could help in counseling patients for the risk to develop CD and planning follow\u2010up serology tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpn3.12385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T06:33:59Z","timestamp":1729060439000},"page":"1172-1179","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Is <i>HLA\u2010DQ<\/i> typing useful in screening for celiac disease among Arabs with type 1 diabetes? A case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Abdulrahman","family":"Al\u2010Hussaini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Children's Specialized Hospital, King Fahad Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"College of Medicine Alfaisal University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Prince Abdullah Bin Khaled Celiac Disease Research Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdulhameed","family":"Alsaheel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Department King Fahad Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mussa","family":"AlMalki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obesity, Endocrine, and Metabolism Center, Department of Endocrinology King Fahad Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Troncone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Sciences &amp; European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food\u2010Induced Diseases University Federico II Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6415-9577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanan","family":"Alharthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA immunogenetics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine David Geffien School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nezar","family":"Eltayeb\u2010Elsheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA immunogenetics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine David Geffien School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ghadeer","family":"Alshammari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Department King Fahad Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shawana Zaheer","family":"Allah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obesity, Endocrine, and Metabolism Center, Department of Endocrinology King Fahad Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ghadeer","family":"Aldossari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA immunogenetics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine David Geffien School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norah","family":"AlRajhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Children's Specialized Hospital, King Fahad Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatimah","family":"Abdulkareem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Children's Specialized Hospital, King Fahad Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Children's Specialized Hospital, King Fahad Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ola","family":"AlNemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Department King Fahad Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lulwa","family":"AlMazrou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obesity, Endocrine, and Metabolism Center, Department of Endocrinology King Fahad Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1549-5072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammed Salman","family":"Bashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Research Services Administration Research Center at King Fahad Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mpg.0000189338.15763.4a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200502000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1996.tb14254.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.11.1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2001.tb01568.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-12-180"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001681"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31821a23d0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0198-8859(03)00027-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-2815.2004.00237.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2008.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.12817"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002497"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"329","article-title":"Coeliac disease and diabetes mellitus: a study of 24 patients with HLA typing","volume":"51","author":"Shanahan F","year":"1982","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2004.tb02987.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.4.806"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2015-309754"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12658"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2009.00573.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/sjg.SJG_551_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2017-312714"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2016-311070"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2016-311610"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.12716"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03704.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-188"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31827913f9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2010.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5409653"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-011-0223-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08916934.2016.1164144"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.29.04.06.dc05-1923"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giec.2012.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17305\/bjbms.2014.3.28"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-014-0819-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1536-4801.2001.tb07203.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.09.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12092"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jpn3.12385","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T04:47:16Z","timestamp":1733287636000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jpn3.12385"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jpn3.12385"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jpn3.12385","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-2116","1536-4801"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0277-2116"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1536-4801"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]}}}