{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T17:29:47Z","timestamp":1784309387353,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human milk intake has many benefits which could influence outcomes in biliary atresia (BA). However, the role of human milk in BA has not been examined. We hypothesized that human milk intake would be associated with improved outcomes in BA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We assessed the impact of any human milk (AHM) as compared to formula only (FO) intake before Kasai portoenterostomy (KP) on outcomes in 447 infants with BA using the PROBE database (NCT00061828) post hoc. The primary outcome was clearance of jaundice (COJ\u2009=\u2009total bilirubin (TB)\u2009&lt;\u20092\u2009mg\/dL by 3 months post\u2010KP). Secondary outcomes included 2\u2010year survival with native liver (SNL), bilirubin levels, cholangitis, ascites, and growth. We assessed the fecal microbiome (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098) comparing AHM versus FO.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At baseline, 211 infants received AHM and 215 received FO. 53.9% of AHM and 50.5% of FO achieved COJ (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009NS). SNL was insignificantly increased in AHM (odds ratio\u2009=\u20091.47, 95% confidence interval: 1.00\u20132.12, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.053). TB decreased in AHM from 4 weeks to 3 months post\u2010KP [4.8\u20134.0\u2009mg\/dL (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01)] unlike the FO group (4.9\u20134.9\u2009mg\/dL, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.4). At 3 months post\u2010KP, AHM infants had greater weight gain (1.88\u2009\u00b1\u20090.66 vs. 1.57\u2009\u00b1\u20090.73\u2009kg, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and mid\u2010upper arm circumference (12.9\u2009\u00b1\u20091.4 vs. 12.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.7\u2009cm, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Other secondary outcomes were not different. Microbiome differences were seen between AHM and FO.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human milk intake in infants with BA did not significantly improve COJ or SNL. However, growth parameters were improved, and TB 3 months post\u2010KP was decreased. Thus, human milk intake should not be discouraged. Prospective studies with detailed assessment of human milk intake are needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpn3.12403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T12:15:10Z","timestamp":1731327310000},"page":"163-173","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The association of human milk intake and outcomes in biliary atresia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0341-5442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary Elizabeth M.","family":"Tessier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine Texas Children's Hospital, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy M.","family":"Schraw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology\/Oncology, Baylor College of 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Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Primary Children's Hospital University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Magee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Michigan Hospitals and Health Centers Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicky","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Scheurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology\/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine Texas Children's Hospital Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Center for Epidemiology and Population Health, Baylor 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