{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T05:57:56Z","timestamp":1761631076472,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine total, night\u2010 and daytime sleep duration and waking frequency among infants exclusively fed goat milk\u2010based infant formula (GMF) or cow's milk\u2010based infant formula (CMF) enroled in a randomised controlled trial and compare these to a human milk (HM) fed reference group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Post hoc analysis from a double\u2010blind randomised controlled trial in 304 healthy term infants was performed. Formula\u2010fed infants were randomly assigned to receive exclusively GMF or CMF for a period of 112 days and compared to a reference group fed HM. Sleep was assessed using a 3\u2010day 24\u2010h diary before the five visits throughout the trial. The association between feeding type and sleep was studied longitudinally and cross\u2010sectionally at the five visits. All models were adjusted for infant sex and study site of enrolment. For associations between formula\u2010fed infants and the non\u2010randomised HM group, additional adjustments were made.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Total sleep duration slowly and similarly decreased over the course of study duration for all groups, with a decrease of about an hour between the first and last measurement. Longitudinally, daytime sleep duration was significantly longer for GMF (mean 8.6\u2009h, standard error [SE] 0.17) and HM (8.8, 0.18) fed infants as compared to CMF (8.1, 0.17; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Cross\u2010sectional analyses show that infants fed GMF or HM had higher total sleep duration than infants fed CMF at all visits, with significant differences between the groups at Visits 3 and 4.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In infants fed GMF a significantly longer daytime sleep duration and a non\u2010significant trend towards a longer total sleep duration were found when compared to infants fed CMF. These findings suggest that nutrition plays a role in sleep duration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpn3.12436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T11:56:19Z","timestamp":1734609379000},"page":"482-489","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sleep duration among breastfed, goat milk\u2010based or cow's milk\u2010based infant formula\u2010fed infants: Post hoc analyses from a double\u2010blind RCT"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Linde","family":"van Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ausnutria B.V. Zwolle the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0298-5711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yvonne","family":"Meijer\u2010Krommenhoek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ausnutria B.V. 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