{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T03:08:35Z","timestamp":1791342515296,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Functional defecation disorders (FDDs) are common among children worldwide. The prevalence of these disorders has not been clearly described in Europe. This study performed a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis on the prevalence of FDD in European children and assessed geographical, age, and sex distribution and associated factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>PubMed, Embase, Psycinfo, Cochrane Library, and Cinahl were searched from 1999 to July 2023. Included studies were (1) prospective or cross\u2010sectional studies of European population\u2010based samples; (2) reporting the prevalence of infant dyschezia (ID) according to Rome II, III, or IV criteria or functional constipation (FC) or functional non\u2010retentive fecal incontinence (FNRFI) according to Rome III or IV criteria; (3) aged 0\u201318 years; and (4) published in English, Dutch or Spanish. PRISMA guidelines for extracting data and assessing data quality were followed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010eight studies were included. Pooled prevalence was 6.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.1%\u201311.9%) for ID in infants 0\u201312 months (9 studies, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095611), 8.17% (95% CI: 6.33%\u201310.22%) for FC in children &lt;4 years (25 studies, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200935,189), 11.39% (95% CI: 9.34%\u201314.11%) for FC in children 4\u201318 years, and 0.24% (95% CI: 0.07%\u20130.49%) for FNRFI in children 4\u201318 years (7 studies, n\u2009=\u200916,873). No sex predominance was found for FC. FC prevalence did not differ significantly when diagnosed according to Rome III versus IV. FC prevalence differed between countries, with greatest rates in Italy, Germany, and Spain. No meta\u2010analysis could be performed on other factors associated with FDD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>FDD is common in European children. Future longitudinal studies are needed to provide better insight into associated factors in pathogenesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpn3.12437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T11:40:06Z","timestamp":1736336406000},"page":"580-597","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Prevalence of functional defecation disorders in European children: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9152-9505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle N.","family":"Bloem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0163-9354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Desiree F.","family":"Baaleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0276-9951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikhil","family":"Thapar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Liver Transplant Queensland Children's Hospital Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Childhood Nutrition Research Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7981-520X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen E.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swansea University Medical School Swansea University Swansea UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1856-0968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilan J. 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