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The definition of anaemia is age and gender\u2010dependent and it can be classified based on pathophysiology, red cell morphology, and clinical presentation. Although nutritional deficiencies, including GI malabsorption of nutrients and GI bleeding, play a major role, other pathophysiologic mechanisms seen in chronic GI diseases, whether inflammatory (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease) or not (e.g., coeliac disease and dysmotility), are causing anaemia. Drugs, such as proton pump inhibitors, mesalamine, methotrexate and sulfasalazine, are also a potential cause of anaemia. Not uncommonly, due to a combination of factors, such as iron deficiency and a chronic inflammatory state, the underlying pathophysiology may be difficult to decipher and a broad diagnostic work\u2010up is required. The goal of treatment is correction of anaemia by supplementation of iron and vitamins. The first therapeutic step is to treat the underlying cause of anaemia including bleeding control, restoration of intestinal integrity and reduction of inflammatory burden. The route of iron and vitamin supplementation is guided by the severity of anaemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpn3.12454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T11:07:19Z","timestamp":1736420839000},"page":"510-532","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Approach to anaemia in gastrointestinal disease: A position paper by the ESPGHAN Gastroenterology Committee"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7802-3064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilse Julia","family":"Broekaert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne University of Cologne Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Assa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Juliet Keidan Institute of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shaare Zedek Medical Centre The Hebrew University Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osvaldo","family":"Borrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurogastroenterology &amp; Motility, Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology Great Ormond Street Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco Deganello","family":"Saccomani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Woman's &amp; Child's University Hospital of Verona Verona Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matja\u017e","family":"Homan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University Children's Hospital Faculty of Medicine University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Martin\u2010de\u2010Carpi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Hospital Sant Joan de De\u0301u Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Mas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Gastroente\u0301rologie, He\u0301patologie, Nutrition et Maladies He\u0301re\u0301ditaires du Me\u0301tabolisme, Ho\u0302pital des Enfants, and IRSD Universite\u0301 de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS Toulouse France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erasmo","family":"Miele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zrinjka","family":"Misak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Referral Centre for Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Children's Hospital Zagreb Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Sila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Referral Centre for Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Children's Hospital Zagreb Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Thomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Paediatric Gastroenterology Sheffield Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Tzivinikos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Gastroenterology Department, Al Jalila Children's Specialty Hospital Mohammed Bin Rashid University, Dubai Medical College Dubai United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jernej","family":"Dolinsek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University Medical Centre Maribor Maribor Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020006479"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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