{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T12:35:12Z","timestamp":1791462912515,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the effects of lipid\u2010based nutrient supplements (LNS) containing milk protein (MP) and\/or whey permeate (WP) on markers of intestinal inflammation and enterocyte mass among stunted children. Furthermore, to explore whether gut status modifies effects of LNS on growth and micronutrient status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a 2\u2009\u00d7\u20092 factorial trial 12\u201359 months\u2010old Ugandan children with stunting were randomized to four LNS formulations (100\u2009g\/day for 12 weeks) containing MP or soy protein and WP or maltodextrin, or to no supplementation. Linear mixed\u2010effects models were used to explore faecal myeloperoxidase (f\u2010MPO) and plasma citrulline (p\u2010cit) as outcomes and modifiers of the intervention effects (ISRCTN13093195).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 750 children, mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD age was 32.0\u2009\u00b1\u200911.7 months and height\u2010for\u2010age <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u2010score was \u22123.02\u2009\u00b1\u20090.74. Neither MP nor WP had effects on p\u2010cit or f\u2010MPO. f\u2010MPO decreased over time among controls (ratio of change 0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.35, 0.84), but not among those given LNS (0.99, 95% CI: 0.79, 1.23) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.016). In contrast, LNS had no effect on p\u2010cit (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.27). The effect of LNS on cobalamin (B12) status was reduced in children with p\u2010cit &lt;20\u2009\u00b5mol\/L; whereby there was 20% (95% CI: 2, 35) lower increase in plasma cobalamin and 59% (95% CI: 13, 125) smaller decrease in plasma methylmalonic acid. p\u2010cit or f\u2010MPO did not modify the effects of LNS on growth or other micronutrient markers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>LNS had no effect on enterocyte mass and possibly increased intestinal inflammation. The effect of LNS on cobalamin status was reduced in those with low enterocyte mass.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpn3.70023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T01:29:52Z","timestamp":1741742992000},"page":"889-898","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of lipid\u2010based nutrient supplements on gut markers in stunted children: Secondary analysis of a randomised trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Hannah","family":"Pesu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Mbabazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine College of Health Sciences Makerere University Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolland","family":"Mutumba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine College of Health Sciences Makerere University Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Otto","family":"Savolainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biological Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter R.","family":"Johnsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanne","family":"Fr\u00f8ki\u00e6r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mette F.","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"M\u00f8lgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim F.","family":"Michaelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Ritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Public Health University of Southern Denmark Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Filteau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Briend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Tampere Center for Child Health Research Tampere University Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ezekiel","family":"Mupere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine College of Health Sciences Makerere University Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Friis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0259-7851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedikte","family":"Grenov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":". 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