{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T02:03:29Z","timestamp":1791857009350,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pediatric feeding tubes (FTs) are used to support nutrition and hydration needs, but ought to be weaned when children are able to eat safely by mouth to maintain growth. We performed a scoping review of FT weaning interventions for children (&lt;21 years) dependent on long\u2010term FTs. Study design, patient characteristics, intervention strategies, setting, duration, interventionist(s), primary study measures, short\u2010term and long\u2010term outcomes are described. Two independent reviewers extracted all data and came to consensus using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology; a third reviewer resolved discrepancies as needed. Forty\u2010five articles met the inclusion criteria. Most interventions took place in outpatient or inpatient settings, although home, telemedicine, and school settings were also represented. The majority of interventions were led by interdisciplinary teams. Strategies varied and were used in combination, most commonly: parent training and\/or education, hunger provocation, and behavioral approaches. Most interventions weaned a majority of children to oral feeding, often with additional success in follow\u2010up; a handful of studies demonstrated that a minority of patients required resumption of FT after initially weaning. Successful programs weaning children from FTs to oral feeding have occurred across various environments involving heterogeneous teams and strategies. Nearly all interventions involve a combination of strategies, parent training and\/or education, and three or more interventionists, demonstrating the complexity of weaning programs. To establish best practices for weaning children from FTs when medically safe to do so, future work ought to establish standard measurement tools for treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpn3.70078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T02:45:13Z","timestamp":1748918713000},"page":"387-403","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Pediatric gastrostomy feeding tube weaning strategies: A scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Amanda","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Green Light Speech Therapy Deerfield Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"High","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Ann &amp; Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"JBI Lurie Children's Pediatric Research Implementation and Synthesis Center University of Adelaide  Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Fawcett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Organizational Development Ann &amp; Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7352-2043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Sobotka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002188"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-017-2908-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-017-0569-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12662"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1433"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2020_JSLHR-19-00038"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Children with feeding tube dependency: treating the whole child. Infants & young children: an interdisciplinary","volume":"15","author":"Tarbell MC","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Early Child Interv"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2012-303558"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003856"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-021-00992-5"},{"issue":"71","key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2000.108397"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000992288502400803"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-198704000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000336"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1536-4801.2003.tb12041.x"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"397","article-title":"Use of behavioral interventions and parent education to address feeding difficulties in young children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy","volume":"22","author":"Clawson EP","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurorehabilitation"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02739615.2010.493770"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2214.2007.00734.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002909"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","first-page":"26","article-title":"Treatment of severe feeding refusal in infants and toddlers. Infants & young children: an interdisciplinary","volume":"9","author":"Foy T","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Early Child Interv"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2394"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","first-page":"52","article-title":"Feeding induction in children who refuse to eat","volume":"140","author":"Handen BL","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-022-02864-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PG9.0000000000000154"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002977"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00099228221078419"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002330"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002264"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-020-03673-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2018.00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.214.327"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-006-0322-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00261653"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","first-page":"331","article-title":"Gastrostomy tube weaning and treatment of severe selective eating in childhood: experience in Israel using an intensive three week program","volume":"18","author":"Shalem T","year":"2016","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.04.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0000000000001000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3182a027a3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-162071"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsz014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1941406410364241"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjquality.u201097.w702"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","first-page":"155","article-title":"Behavioral therapy for children with avoidant\/restrictive food intake disorder dependent on tube or oral enteral nutrient formula: a feasibility study","volume":"67","author":"Tomioka K","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kobe J Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461(2008\/024)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13638490500144809"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-1609.2010.00184.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3046.2006.00587.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jpn3.70078","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T07:15:38Z","timestamp":1754032538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jpn3.70078"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jpn3.70078"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jpn3.70078","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-2116","1536-4801"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-2116","type":"print"},{"value":"1536-4801","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]}}}