{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T22:09:31Z","timestamp":1785794971527,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Interest is growing in the use of blended diets (BD) in children with gastrostomy. Evidence supporting the benefits of BD is conflicting, with limited data to assist physicians in clinical practice. The present survey aims to evaluate current use of BD in children and adolescents with gastrostomy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An online survey evaluating the use of BD in children with gastrostomy was sent to members of the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition with expertise on gastrointestinal motility. The questions assessed clinical indications, level of experience, preferred diet composition, and clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We collected 26 questionnaires filled out by members from 13 different countries. Most of the respondents (84.6%) are pediatric gastroenterologists, with 69.2% visiting gastrostomy patients on a daily\/weekly basis. The majority of the sample (61.5%) declares to use BD, but only in selected conditions, and only 38.5% reports an advanced experience with BD. The main reason for BD prescription is parental request (53.8%). In addition, 57.7% prefers homemade BD compared to only 15.4% that relies on commercial BD. Finally, 69.2% states to find an impact on gastrointestinal symptoms. Positive clinical outcomes are reported for vomiting (61.1%), constipation (50%), nausea (38.9%), and bloating (38.9%). The main reason for not using BD is the non\u2010standard nutritional composition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>BD are commonly used in clinical practice. However, due to the lack of conclusive evidence and well\u2010designed studies, there is great variability in diet composition and clinical indications. Given the increasing demand from caregivers and the potential positive outcomes, further studies are needed to provide insights and guide healthcare professionals in their clinical practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpn3.70107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T05:23:59Z","timestamp":1749446639000},"page":"339-345","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Blended diets and effects on gastrointestinal symptoms in children with gastrostomy tubes: A survey study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Elena","family":"Scarpato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Varcamonti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Salvatore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, Hospital \u2018F. Del Ponte\u2019 University of Insubria Varese Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Pathology, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit University of Messina Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Marino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Rosaria","family":"Serra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Martinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4498-7305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erasmo","family":"Miele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annamaria","family":"Staiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181d336d2","article-title":"Practical approach to paediatric enteral nutrition: a comment by the ESPGHAN committee on nutrition","volume":"51","author":"Braegger C","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.10406","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerance of blended diets In children receiving gastrostomy feeds","volume":"35","author":"Batsis ID","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533616669703","article-title":"Reemergence of blenderized tube feedings: exploring the evidence","volume":"31","author":"Bobo E","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607110377797","article-title":"Pureed by gastrostomy tube diet improves gagging and retching in children with fundoplication","volume":"35","author":"Pentiuk S","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Parenteral Enteral Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1049","article-title":"Blenderized enteral nutrition diet study: feasibility, clinical, and microbiome outcomes of providing blenderized feeds through a gastric tube in a medically complex pediatric population","volume":"42","author":"Gallagher K","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Parent Enteral Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003601","article-title":"The use of blended diets in children with enteral feeding tubes: a joint position paper of the ESPGHAN committees of allied health professionals and nutrition","volume":"76","author":"K\u00f6glmeier J","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2178","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15861","article-title":"How do we design and report a high\u2010quality survey?","volume":"60","author":"Pagano MB","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","volume-title":"Practice Toolkit: The Use of Blended Diet with Enteral Feeding Tubes","author":"Durnan S","year":"2021"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2016-311030","article-title":"Blended foods for tube\u2010fed children: a safe and realistic option? A rapid review of the evidence","volume":"102","author":"Coad J","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2016-310971","article-title":"Dietitians' perceptions and experience of blenderised feeds for paediatric tube\u2010feeding","volume":"102","author":"Armstrong J","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2023-325929","article-title":"Blended diets for tube\u2010fed children and young people: a rapid review update","volume":"108","author":"Phillips G","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"15","key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3139","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14153139","article-title":"Blenderised tube feeds vs. commercial formula: which is better for Gastrostomy\u2010Fed 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