{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T12:23:44Z","timestamp":1785932624860,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Percutaneous electrical nerve field stimulation (PENFS) is an FDA\u2010approved nonpharmacological modality for treating disorders of gut\u2010brain interaction (DGBI) in pediatric patients. PENFS presumably functions through stimulation of cranial nerves. There is limited data on patients that require more than a 4\u2010week cycle of treatment with PENFS. We examined the effect of repeated rounds of PENFS on recurrent symptoms and predictors for multiple treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We evaluated charts of patients who underwent PENFS placement for DGBI. Data included demographics, medical history, and validated questionnaire responses. Changes over time after each round of placement were assessed. Baseline measures were compared between patients with single versus two rounds.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 22 patients (median age 17.5 years, 18 (82%) females) with repeated PENFS met the inclusion criteria. A propensity\u2010matched control group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200922) showed no significant differences in demographics or diagnoses. Patients requiring repeated PENFS placements had higher PCS\u2010C scores (median 24.5 (IQR 18\u201328) vs. 16.5 (IQR 9.5\u201322.5); <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0135), and higher PHQ\u20109 scores (median 10 (IQR 8\u201314) vs. 7 (IQR 7.5\u20139.5); <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0272). The second round of PENFS placements significantly reduced API, PCS\u2010C, FDI, PHQ\u20109, and CSI scores (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). No statistically significant differences between scores after the first and second rounds were noted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Repeating PENFS treatments are becoming common in clinical practice. Our study shows that repeat rounds are as effective as the initial ones, with pain catastrophizing and depression predicting worse outcomes and the need for repeat and\/or longer round of treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpn3.70109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T03:31:19Z","timestamp":1749612679000},"page":"234-245","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Repeat round of auricular percutaneous electrical nerve field stimulation for pediatric disorders of gut brain interaction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0427-2807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lev","family":"Dorfman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel Petach\u2010Tikva Israel"},{"name":"Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalil","family":"El\u2010Chammas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kahleb","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashmi","family":"Sahay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio 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