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SIBO is a clinical entity characterized by the presence of an excessive number of bacteria in the small bowel leading to several nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms due to malabsorption and malnutrition, such as bloating, flatulence, belching, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, steatorrhea, fatigue and stunted growth. Initially thought to develop specifically in the context of abnormal or postsurgical gastrointestinal anatomy, it has then been recognized that it can be associated with other nonsurgical conditions, such as gastrointestinal dysmotility, disorders of gut\u2013brain interactions and chronic use of drugs. The uncertainty regarding the exact cut\u2010off of excessive number of bacteria in the small bowel has led to the absence of a universally accepted definition of SIBO making well\u2010designed research to assess the best diagnostic and therapeutic approaches challenging. Current available diagnostic tools includes duodenal\/jejunal aspirate with culture and hydrogen breath tests, which all have some limitations and pitfalls that prevent accurate sampling. The treatment goal should be to treat the underlying causes, restore the healthy intestinal microflora, relieve the symptoms and address the associated complications. The use of antibiotics represents the treatment cornerstore. However, they are commonly used despite the scarce published evidence and the absence of agreement on the dose and duration of the treatment. Currently, data on best diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in children remain lacking. Novel diagnostic approaches for SIBO are emerging and may facilitate further research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpn3.70156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T03:58:42Z","timestamp":1753847922000},"page":"986-999","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in children: An expert review by the ESPGHAN Gastroenterology Committee"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5791-4362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Giovanna","family":"Puoti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Santobono\u2010Pausilipon Children's Hospital Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Assa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Juliet Keidan Institute of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shaare Zedek Medical Centre 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