{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T03:24:38Z","timestamp":1789010678656,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755648000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is characterized by distinct clinical features and symptom overlap with migraine disorders. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is a related condition with similar symptom expression. Due to a lack of diagnostic biomarkers, there is a need for optimal symptom\u2010based diagnostic criteria. These evidence\u2010based guidelines from the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) were formulated to assist clinicians in the diagnosis of pediatric CVS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The NASPGHAN council approved a multidisciplinary content expert panel. The panel prioritized a set of clinical questions and outcomes. The recommendations were developed based on a systematic review that applied the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. To formulate the recommendations and suggested diagnostic algorithm, the panel linked decisions to current evidence and utilized the Delphi Method for expert consensus when available literature was insufficient. A systematic review of available research evidence informed the summary on pediatric CHS. A separate document provides GRADE\u2010based treatment guidelines for pediatric CVS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The panel voted and agreed on one prioritized recommendation on the utility of diagnostic screening tests for pediatric CVS and updated the past consensus\u2010based diagnostic algorithm. A consensus\u2010based clinical approach to the diagnosis of pediatric CHS as a related but separate entity is also provided.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The panel recommends screening serum and urine laboratory testing and an upper gastrointestinal radiographic series for all patients with symptoms suggestive of CVS. The panel concluded that there is low yield and cost\u2010effectiveness of other diagnostic screening tests. A set of recommended diagnostic criteria for CVS was formulated based on the characteristics of vomiting attack frequency, duration, and associated symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpn3.70193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T04:24:36Z","timestamp":1755750276000},"page":"1346-1359","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition 2025 guidelines on the diagnosis of cyclic vomiting syndrome in children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2520-7396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katja","family":"Karrento","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy A.","family":"Gelfand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of California San Francisco San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumit","family":"Parikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally E.","family":"Tarbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Issenman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Gamboa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics Nicklaus Children's Hospital Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome Association President\u2010Emerita and Patient Representative Durango Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wojtek","family":"Wiercioch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B U. 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